Plasma Potassium Concentration and Content Changes After Banana Ingestion in Exercised Men
Abstract
Context
Individuals prone to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are instructed to eat bananas because of their high potassium (K) concentration and carbohydrate content and the perception that K imbalances and fatigue contribute to the genesis of EAMCs. No data exist about the effect of bananas on plasma K concentration ([K]p) or plasma glucose concentration ([glucose]p) after exercise in the heat.
Objective
To determine whether ingesting 0, 1, or 2 servings of bananas after 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise in the heat alters [K]p or [glucose]p and whether changes in [K]p result from hypotonic fluid effluxes or K ion changes.
Design
Crossover study.
Setting
Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants
Nine euhydrated men (age = 27 ± 4 years, height = 180.3 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 84.9 ± 26.1 kg, urine specific gravity ≤ 1.006) without EAMCs volunteered.
Intervention(s)
On 3 separate days, participants completed 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous cycling (temperature = 36.4°C ± 1.1°C, relative humidity = 19.4% ± 2.5%) and then ate 0 g (0 servings), 150 g (1 serving), or 300 g (2 servings) of bananas. Blood samples were collected at −3, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes postingestion.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
The [K]p, changes in plasma K content, plasma volume changes, and [glucose]p.
Results
The [K]p differed between conditions at 60 minutes; 2 servings (4.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L [conventional unit = 4.6 ± 0.3 mEq/L]) was greater than 1 serving (4.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L [conventional unit = 4.5 ± 0.2 mEq/L]) and 0 servings (4.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L [conventional unit = 4.4 ± 0.3 mEq/L]) (P < .05). The [K]p was greater at 60 minutes than at −3 and 5 minutes in the 1-serving condition and was greater at 30 and 60 minutes than at −3 and 5 minutes in the 2-servings condition (P < .05). Percentage change in K content was greater only at 30 and 60 minutes postingestion than at baseline in the 2-servings condition (4.4% ± 3.7% and 5.8% ± 2.3% increase, respectively) (P < .05). The plasma volume changes among conditions were unremarkable. The [glucose]p was greater in the 2-servings condition than in all other conditions at 15, 30, and 60 minutes (P < .05).
Conclusions
The effect of banana ingestion on EAMCs is unknown; however, these data suggested bananas are unlikely to relieve EAMCs by increasing extracellular [K] or [glucose]p. The increases in [K]p were marginal and within normal clinical values. The changes in [K]p, plasma K content, and [glucose]p do not occur quickly enough to treat acute EAMCs, especially if they develop near the end of competition.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank Mr Jarett Peikert and Mr Kyle Braulick for their assistance with data collection.
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