In 89 rats with experimentally induced mechanical jaundice the infectious process was modeled by intragastric administration of E. coli and B. subtilis. The study included the investigation of the main routes and time intervals of dissemination, organ content of microbes labeled with 3H-thymidine, as well as of structural and functional peculiarities of the interaction of animal tissues with the microbes in cholestasis development dynamics and under the condition of biliary tract decompression. It was established that under the condition of mechanical jaundice viable bacteria from the alimentary tract penetrated the organs of peritoneal cavity through the blood and lymph flow. In the liver, the endogenous agents of surgical infections, and E. coli, in particular, were found to aggravate the inflammatory and necrobiotic processes. B. subtilis did not cause any inflammatory or other pathologic process in the tissue of liver.