Abstract:

Plant photoreceptor phytochromes are phosphoproteins, but the question as to the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation has remained to be elucidated. We investigated the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation in plant light signaling using a Pfr-specific phosphorylation site mutant, Ser598Ala of oat (Avena sativa) phytochrome A (phyA). The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (phyA-201 background) plants with this mutant phyA showed hypersensitivity to light, suggesting that phytochrome phosphorylation at Serine-598 (Ser598) in the hinge region is involved in an inhibitory mechanism. The phosphorylation at Ser598 prevented its interaction with putative signal transducers, Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase-2 and Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-3. These results suggest that phosphorylation in the hinge region of phytochromes serves as a signal-modulating site through the protein-protein interaction between phytochrome and its putative signal transducer proteins.

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Phytochrome Phosphorylation Modulates Light Signaling by Influencing the Protein–Protein Interaction<sup><a href="#fn2" rid="fn2" class=" fn">W⃞</a></sup>

^{Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Gwangju 500-712, Korea}

^{Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304}

^{Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea}

^{Institut für Biologie II/Botanik, Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany}

^{Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, H6701 Szeged, Hungary}

^{Current address: Department of Molecular Biology, Seoul 143-747, Sejong University, Korea.}

^{To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail}moc.cpkk@gnossp; fax 82-62-972-5085.

Received 2004 May 5; Accepted 2004 Jul 6.

Abstract

Plant photoreceptor phytochromes are phosphoproteins, but the question as to the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation has remained to be elucidated. We investigated the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation in plant light signaling using a Pfr-specific phosphorylation site mutant, Ser598Ala of oat (Avena sativa) phytochrome A (phyA). The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (phyA-201 background) plants with this mutant phyA showed hypersensitivity to light, suggesting that phytochrome phosphorylation at Serine-598 (Ser598) in the hinge region is involved in an inhibitory mechanism. The phosphorylation at Ser598 prevented its interaction with putative signal transducers, Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase-2 and Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-3. These results suggest that phosphorylation in the hinge region of phytochromes serves as a signal-modulating site through the protein–protein interaction between phytochrome and its putative signal transducer proteins.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Korea Kumho Petrochemical (publication number 68) and in part by grants from the National Research Laboratory/Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning, BioGreen 21 program of the Rural Development Administration (to P.-S.S.), the Crop Functional Genomics Center of the 21st Century Frontier Research Program by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Rural Development Administration (code M101KG010001-03K0701-02910), and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation/Ministry of Science and Technology to the Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (to J.-I.K. and P.-S.S; Grant R15-2003-012-01003-0). We thank Veniamin N. Lapko for unpublished data and discussion. We also thank Andras Viczian for the cloning of the phytochrome-GFP constructs and the production of the phytochrome-GFP transgenic plants.

Acknowledgments

Notes

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Pill-Soon Song (moc.cpkk@gnossp).

^{Online version contains Web-only data.}

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.104.023879.

Notes

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Pill-Soon Song (moc.cpkk@gnossp).Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.104.023879.

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