A plant antifungal protein was purified from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves by using a typical procedure consisting of anion exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. We determined the amino acid sequence of the purified protein using MALDI-TOF/MS analysis, and found that the sequence matched that of a hypothetical Arabidopsis protein in GenBank (accession number NP_175547). We designated the protein as AtDabb1. After the cDNA encoding the AtDabb1 gene was cloned from an Arabidopsis leaf cDNA library, the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and found to significantly inhibit cell growth of various pathogenic fungal strains. mRNA expression of the AtDabb1 gene was induced by pathogen-related signaling molecules including salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. These results suggest that AtDabb1 may contribute to the induced plant defense mechanism against diverse pathogenic fungi.