It has been generally accepted that the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plants are differentially affected by low-dose gamma ionizing radiation that is associated with the tolerance of plant species under biotic/abiotic stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of low gamma irradiation pretreatment against salt and drought stress. For this aim, irradiated (100 Gy) and non-irradiated seeds of common vetch were cultured on an MS medium with separate addition of concentrations of NaCl (100 mM) and PEG-6000 (100g/l) under in vitro conditions. Morpho-physio-biochemical analyses were carried out on 14-day-old seedlings. The findings of this study clearly show that exposure to gamma irradiation pretreatment (100 Gy), alone or in combination with salt stress and drought stress, led to significant increases (p < 0.01) in dry matter accumulation, CAT, SOD and APX activities, proline contents and decreases in relative water content. However, alone, gamma irradiation pretreatment caused increased chlorophyll contents while decreasing MDA contents. Overall, these results suggested that low-dose gamma irradiation pretreatment can enhance the tolerance of common vetch seedlings against stress due to salt and drought.