Background: Developmental disorders are associated with microglial dysfunction. Oral administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from Pantoea agglomerans bacteria (LPSp) leads to normalization of phagocytic activity of microglia and suppression of inflammation in mice. In this article, we report on a successful trial in which we achieved a significant improvement of symptoms in patients with developmental disorders.

Patients and methods: Five pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who visited our clinic received either 0.75 or 1 mg/day LPSp for 6 months or more, in addition to our usual therapy regimens (detoxification therapy, nutritional therapy, and vibration therapy). A survey questionnaire was completed by the patients' parents and evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale.

Results: Behavior, verbal ability, and communication disabilities associated with ASD/ADHD improved in all patients.

Conclusion: Oral administration of LPSp may represent a new treatment option in the area of developmental disorders where there is currently no treatment available.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Pantoea agglomerans bacteria derived LPS; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; oral administration.