Med Hypotheses undefined
The Effects of Allium Sativum on Immunity within the Scope of COVID-19 Infection
References
- 1. Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020;41:145–151.[PubMed]
- 2. Gorbalenya A.E., Baker S.C., Baric R.SThe species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5:536–544.[Google Scholar]
- 3. Luzi L., Radaelli M.GInfluenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Diabetol. 2020 doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 4. Ryan DH, Ravussin E, Heymsfield S. COVID 19 and the patient with obesity - The editors speak out [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 1]. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;10.1002/oby.22808.
- 5. www.unicef.org>coronavirus>covid-19 “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) UNICEF”
- 6. www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/2020 /4/ supporting-older-people-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-is-everyones-business
- 7. Lechien J.R., Chiesa-Estomba C.M., De Siati D.ROlfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 8. Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 5]. J Med Virol. 2020.
- 9. Gilani S., Roditi R., Naraghi MCOVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran. Iran. Med Hypotheses. 2020;141[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 10. Wang D., Hu B., Hu CClinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan. China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–1069.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 11. Yang X., Yu Y., Xu JClinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475–481.[Google Scholar]
- 12. Qin C., Zhou L., Hu ZDysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020:ciaa248.[Google Scholar]
- 13. Wang F., Nie J., Wang HCharacteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia. J Infect Dis.2020:jiaa150.[PubMed]
- 14. Chen G., Wu D., Guo WClinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020;137244[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 15. Batiha G.E.S., Beshbishy A.M., Wasef L.GChemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.) A Review. Nutrients. 2020;12:872.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 16. Percival S.SAged garlic extract modifies human immunity. J Nutr. 2016;146:433S–436S.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 17. Sánchez-Sánchez M.A., Zepeda-Morales A.S.M., Carrera-Quintanar LAlliin, an Allium sativum nutraceutical, reduces metaflammation markers in DIO mice. Nutrients. 2020;12:E624.[Google Scholar]
- 18. Arreola R., Quintero-Fabián S., López-Roa R.IImmunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 19. Larypoor M., Bayat M., Zuhair M.H., Akhavan Sepahy A., Amanlou MEvaluation of the number of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Treg cells in normal mice exposed to AFB1 and treated with aged garlic extract. Cell J. 2013;15:37–44.[Google Scholar]
- 20. Geier M.R., Geier D.ARespiratory conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Important considerations regarding novel treatment strategies to reduce mortality. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 21. Yaqinuddin A., Kashira JInnate immunity in COVID-19 patients mediated by NKG2A receptors, and potential treatment using monalizumab, chloroquine, and antiviral agents. Medical Hypotheses. 2020;140[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 22. Coppola M., Mondola RPhytotherapeutics and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Potential role of bioflavonoids. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 23. Donma M., Karasu E., Ozdilek BCD4(+), CD25(+), FOXP3 (+) T regulatory cell levels in obese, asthmatic, asthmatic obese, and healthy children. Inflammation. 2015;38(4):1473–1478.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 24. www.immunology.org/immunology_and_COVID-19/British Society for ImmunologyAccessed 2020.
- 25. www.nature.com/coronavirus researchupdatesAccessed 2020.
- 26. Paul S., Lal GThe molecular mechanism of natural killer cells function and its importance in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1124.[Google Scholar]
- 27. Beni M.A., Omidi MEffect of short-term garlic supplementation on CD4 and CD8 factors in young karate athletes after intense exercise session. CMJA. 2018;7:2041–2051.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 28. Amor S., González-Hedström D., Martín-Carro BBeneficial effects of an aged black garlic extract in the metabolic and vascular alterations induced by a high fat/sucrose diet in male rats. Nutrients. 2019;11:153.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 29. Sozio M.S., Lu C., Zeng Y., Liangpunsakul S., Crabb D.WActivated AMPK inhibits PPAR-{alpha} and PPAR-{gamma} transcriptional activity in hepatoma cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301(4):G739–G747.[Google Scholar]
- 30. Yeung A.Y., Tadi PPhysiology, obesity neurohormonal appetite and satiety control. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2020[PubMed]
- 31. Feng Y., Zhu X., Wang QAllicin enhances host pro-inflammatory immune responses and protects against acute murine malaria infection. Malar J. 2012;11:268.[Google Scholar]
- 32. Badyal D.K., Mahajan RChloroquine: Can it be a novel drug for COVID-19. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2020;10(2):128–130.[Google Scholar]
- 33. Ebrahimi M., Mohammad Hassan Z., Mostafaie A., Zare Mehrjardi N., Ghazanfari TPurified protein fraction of garlic extract modulates cellular immune response against breast transplanted tumors in BALB/c mice model. Cell J. 2013;15:65–75.[Google Scholar]
- 34. Li Y.N., Huang F., Liu X.LAllium sativum-derived allitridin inhibits Treg amplification in cytomegalovirus infection. J Med Virol. 2013;85:493–500.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 35. Mirabeau T.Y., Samson E.SEffect of Allium cepa and Allium sativum on some immunological cells in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2012;9:374–379.[Google Scholar]
- 36. Buckland N.J., Finlayson G., Hetherington M.M. Slimming starters. Intake of a diet-congruent food reduces meal intake in active dieters. Appetite. 2013;71:430–437.[PubMed]
- 37. Miki S., Suzuki J., Kunimura K., Morihara NMechanisms underlying the attenuation of chronic inflammatory diseases by aged garlic extract: Involvement of the activation of AMP–activated protein kinase. (Review). Exp Therap Med. 2020; 19 1462–1467.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 38. Donma M.M., Donma OPromising link between selenium and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in the treatment protocols of obesity as well as depression. Med Hypotheses. 2016;89:79–83.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 39. Yadav A., Kataria M.A., Saini V., Yadav ARole of leptin and adiponectin in insulin resistance. Clin Chim Acta. 2013;417:80–84.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
- 40. Sahu A. Leptin and Neuroendocrinology. Ch.4, In Leptin (Eds.Castracane VD and Henson MC) Springer Science & Business Media NY,USA, 2006. pp. 53-77