Rapeseed oil was oxidized chemically and thermally to produce two distinct oxidized oils. These oils, along with unoxidized oils, were subjected to an artificial digestion model to simulate the digestive processes in humans. Lipid digestion involves lipases that break down the intact triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules first to diacylglycerols, and eventually to sn-2-monoacylglycerols (MAG) and free fatty acids. A high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric (HPLC-ELSD-ESI-MS) method was developed to monitor the lipolysis and the presence of oxidized lipids. The HPLC-ELSD-ESI-MS analysis enabled the separation and detection of nearly all the lipid species present in the sample after TAG hydrolysis. The HPLC-MS analyses of digestion products revealed that oxidized triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed by the digestive enzymes in a manner similar to that of native, unoxidized molecules. Significant amounts of sn-1(3)-MAG were found in all the samples after lipolysis, however, more of these were found in unoxidized rapeseed oil samples than in the oxidized oils. Several oxidized molecules were identified with the aid of synthesized oxylipids. This novel method is scalable to small-scale preparative fractionation of oxidized lipid molecules from a complex digestion sample. Also, the fingerprint-like, diagnostic, MS profiles of oxidized oils, reference compounds, and digestion products may be a great aid in comprehensive analysis of lipid oxidation and lipolysis.