Investigation of Antimicrobial Activities of Some Herbs Containing Essential Oils and Their Mouthwash Formulations

Büşra Kulaksiz

Sevda Er

Neslihan Üstündağ-Okur

Gülçin Saltan-Işcan

^{Biruni University, Department of Pharmacognosy, İstanbul, Turkey}

^{Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Vocational School for Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Eskişehir, Turkey}

^{İstanbul Medipol University, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, İstanbul, Turkey}

^{Ankara University, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey}

* Address for Correspondence: Phone: +90 538 251 20 71 E-mail:rt.ude.inurib@ziskalukb

Received 2017 Aug 21; Accepted 2017 Nov 23.

Abstract

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to prepare pharmaceutical formulations of mouthwashes and to examine the antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained from plants used traditionally in Turkey for oral infections.

Materials and Methods:

Essential oils were obtained from herbal drugs using water distillation with Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial capacities of mouthwash formulations containing a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 4.5% and 9.0% were examined using disc diffusion and microbroth dilutions.

Results:

The inhibition zone diameters were determined to vary between 7 and 59 mm. The static and cidal activity was generally 50% and greater than 50% when pure essential oil samples were applied on microorganism specimens. Formulation F2, which contained a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 4.5%, showed 6.25% minimum bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and 3.125% the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration on all other microorganisms. The antimicrobial effect of pure essential oil samples applied on microorganisms was lower than of mouthwashes formulations; the antimicrobial effect of F2, which contained a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 4.5% was higher than formulation F1, which contained a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 9%.

Conclusion:

The results obtained by these methods allow us to conclude that the essential oils and the prepared F1 and F2 mouthwash formulations exerted activity against microorganisms affecting the oral cavity. The F2 formulation also had significant antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Laurus nobilis L., Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia fruticosa Mill

Objectives:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to Emre Şefik Çağlar for assistance during the experiments and Prof. Şükran Kültür and Onur Altınbaşak for identifying plant samples.

Footnotes

Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

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