We developed a modified transcatheter arterial infusion method using anticancer agents to treat hepatic malignancies; intermittent injections of iodized oil, lipiodol, containing adriamycin or epirubicin during the arterial infusion of cisplatin (75-200 mg/body) in order to achieve a higher concentration and longer retention of these anticancer agents in the tumor tissue. Fourteen patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and five patients with metastatic liver cancer were treated with this "pile-up" arterial infusion therapy by anticancer agents without gelatin sponge TAE. In HCC patients, 50% or greater reduction in tumor size was obtained in 7 of 14 patients (50%). Serum AFP levels decreased by more than 75% in 6 of 7 patients in whom pretreatment serum levels of AFP were more than 200 ng/ml. The one-year and two-year survival rates were estimated at 55% and 27.5%, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. Significant reduction in tumor size was not observed in 5 cases with metastatic liver cancer. Concerning the adverse effects, alimentary symptoms and fever were noted for a few days in many cases, but they were temporary and tolerable in almost all of the patients. Severe adverse changes in laboratory data were not observed. Thus this "pile-up" infusion therapy of anticancer agents without TAE may be a useful therapy for HCC.