Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage because of their intrinsic safety, low cost, and high energy intensity. However, lack of suitable cathode materials with both excellent rate performance and cycling stability hinders further practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Here, a nanoflake-self-assembled nanorod structure of Ca_0.28 MnO₂ ·0.5H₂ O as Zn-insertion cathode material is designed. The Ca_0.28 MnO₂ ·0.5H₂ O exhibits a reversible capacity of 298 mAh g^-1 at 175 mA g^-1 and long-term cycling stability over 5000 cycles with no obvious capacity fading, which indicates that the per-insertion of Ca ions and water can significantly improve reversible insertion/extraction stability of Zn²⁺ in Mn-based layered type material. Further, its charge storage mechanism, especially hydrogen ions, is elucidated. A comprehensive study suggests that the intercalation of hydrogen ions in the first discharge plat is controled by both pH value and type of anion of electrolyte. Further, it can stabilize the Ca_0.28 MnO₂ ·0.5H₂ O cathode and facilitate the following insertion of Zn²⁺ in 1 m ZnSO₄ /0.1 m MnSO₄ electrolyte. This work can enlighten and promote the development of high-performance rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

To investigate the immune regulatory effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on alloantigen T lymphocyte in vitro, human MSCs were isolated and expanded from bone marrow cells, and identified with cell morphology, and the phenotypes were assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. As the stimulation factor of T lymphocytes proliferation, either PHA or dendritic cells isolated from cord blood were cocultured with CD2(+) T lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by magnetic beads with or without MSC in 96-well plats for seven days. T cell proliferation was assessed by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation using a liquid scintillation counter. T cell subsets, Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 were analyzed by flow cytometry after co-culture of CD2(+) T cells with MSCs for 10 days. The results showed that a significant decrease of CD2(+) T cell proliferation was evident when MSC were added back to T cells stimulated by DC or PHA, and an increase of Th2 and Tc2 subsets were observed after co-culture of MSC with T lymphocytes. It is suggested that allogeneic MSC can suppress T cell proliferation in vitro and the cause of that was partly depend on interaction of cells and the alteration of T cell subsets.

Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models for the gas chromatographic (GC) Kaváts indices of disulfides on four different polarity stationary phase have been developed. Semi-empirical quantum chemical method (AM1) implemented in hyperchem 4.0 was employed to calculate a set of molecular descriptors of 50 disulfides. The four stationary phases in the research were: Apiezon M, OV-17, Triton X-305 and PEG-1000. By using multiple linear regression (MLR), we obtained four empirical functions with high correlation coefficient (R(1)=0.995, R(2)=0.994, R(3)=0.990, R(4)=0.976). At the same time, using Thin Plat Spline the Radial Basis Function neural networks models were obtained with root mean squared error (RMS) of training set (RMS(T1)=0.013351, RMS(T2)=0.012973, RMS(T3)=0.023228, RMS(T4)=0.020755) and RMS of validation set (RMS(V1)=0.007626, RMS(V2)=0.005897, RMS(V3)=0.005109, RMS(V4)=0.007377) and RMS of testing set (RMS(X1)=0.016676, RMS(X2)=0.016704, RMS(X3)=0.017162, RMS(X4)=0.014755). The results indicated that the QSRR models proposed were very satisfactory.

A simultaneous method for quantitative determination of traces of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in edible plants fertilized with sewage sludge was developed. The compounds were extracted from the plants by rapid and simple liquid extraction followed by extracts clean-up using solid phase extraction. The eluent additive 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol was used for liquid chromatographic detection to achieve separation of structurally similar antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Identification and quantification of the compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. Method was validated and extraction recoveries of FQs and SAs ranged from 66% to 93%. The limit of quantifications was from 5 ng/g in the case of ofloxacin to 40 ng/g for norfloxacin. The method precision ranged from 1.43% to 2.61%. The developed novel method was used to evaluate the plats antimicrobial uptake (potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum vulgare L.)) from soil and migration of the analytes inside the plants.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of mechanical ventilation with different tidal volumes on the respiratory function during general anesthesia and to seek optimum way and parameters of mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia.

METHODS

Forty ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective craniotomies in the supine position were included in this study. According to latin square design, the patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. Every group has its own tidal volume sequence. Each patient used 4 tidal volumes in turn. Every tidal volume maintained 30 minutes. The rate of mechanical ventilation was 15. But ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, SPO2, ETCO2, airway pressure, lung compliance, and blood gas analysis were continuously monitored.

RESULTS

A-aDO2, P(a-ET)CO2, P(PEAK), P(MEAN), P(PLAT), C(DYN), and C(STAT) significantly increased as the tidal volume increased (P<0.05). But ETCO2 and PaCO2 decreased as the tidal volume increased (P<0.05). PaO2, SPO2, MAP and HR had no significant difference between the 4 tidal volume groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The optimum tidal volume of mechanical ventilation is not 4 mL/kg at the rate of 15 respiratory rate during general anesthesia in the supine position because of a high arterial carbon dioxide tension. Yet 6-8 mL/kg is better for neurosurgical anesthesia. Increasing the tidal volume alone may not improve the respiratory function impairment during general anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE

To establish the crystal heating schedule of Plat-II castable ceramic materials.

METHODS

This study first identified the thermal limits of Plat-II castable ceramic crystallization basing on DTA exotherm analysis, then the crystal density of various heating schedule was observed by scanning electron microscope.

RESULTS

The efficient crystal heating schedule of Plat-II castable ceramic was established: The temperature was increased from the room temperature to 620 degrees C with the speed of 10 degrees C/min, kept 20 min, then was increased continually to 670 degrees C with the speed of 5 degrees C/min, and kept 30 min.

CONCLUSIONS

The establishment of the crystal heat treatment schedule of Plat-II castable ceramic will become the basis for the further study.

The dry mycelium fertilizer (DMF) was produced from penicillin fermentation fungi mycelium (PFFM) following an acid-heating pretreatment to degrade the residual penicillin. In this study, it was applied into soil as fertilizer to investigate its effects on soil properties, phytotoxicity, microbial community composition, enzyme activities, and growth of snap bean in greenhouse. As the results show, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter of soil with DMF treatments were generally higher than CON treatment. In addition, the applied DMF did not cause heavy metal and residual drug pollution of the modified soil. The lowest GI values (<0.3) were recorded at DMF8 (36 kg DMF/plat) on the first days after applying the fertilizer, indicating that severe phytotoxicity appeared in the DMF8-modified soil. Results of microbial population and enzyme activities illustrated that DMF was rapidly decomposed and the decomposition process significantly affected microbial growth and enzyme activities. The DMF-modified soil phytotoxicity decreased at the late fertilization time. DMF1 was considered as the optimum amount of DMF dose based on principal component analysis scores. Plant height and plant yield of snap bean were remarkably enhanced with the optimum DMF dose.

The HACCP system is applied in the present study as a preventive food safety approach to control some hazards appearing in one of the ice cream production plants in Egypt. The problem comprised the presence of bacteriological and some chemical contamination in most of the company products. Before applying the HACCP system, the samples examination showed high total mesophilic plat count in 50% of the samples and high coliform count in all samples compared to the level recommended in the Egyptian standards. The highest staphylococcal count (negative for coagulase test) obtained was that of chocolate (1.3 x 10(4) CFU/g) followed by mango ice cream (l.0 x 10(4) CFU/g). Faecal coliform was only positive in mango ice cream. Additionally, the levels of lead, iron and copper have been determined. Copper was higher than the recommended level in all samples and ranged between 0.46 ppm in pistachio ice cream and 2.48 ppm in chocolate ice cream. Most of the CCPs in the ice cream production were mainly due to improper handling and practices throughout the processing steps and also related to the lack of food hygiene knowledge of the workers. The application of HACCP system has successfully reduced the bacteriological hazards in all samples. After applying the corrective actions, the highest total aerobic plate count (8.0 x 10(4)) was that of Swiss chocolate ice cream which corresponds to 50% of the recommended level by the Egyptian standards. Coliform count was less than 10 in all samples except mango ice cream (43 MPN). A significant decrease in staphylococcal count, faecal coliform and trace metal contamination was also recorded in all samples.

A comprehensive review of the literature on allergy due to castor bean is given as it occurs by inhalation of dust particles in the environment of milk working with castor bean. Furthermore it may occur by handling of castor bean and of its expressed residuals after oil production. A case report is presented about a respiratory allergy caused by castor bean meal containing fertilizer used in culturing grass plats. Symptomes of increased dyspnoe following repeated exposures and a strongly positive skin test to an extract of castor bean have been observed. There is strong evidence that the castor bean has a high allergenic potency, requiring attention in allergy tests.

The antioxidant activity potential of three different plant extracts was investigated against superoxide anion radical while employing cyclic voltammetry technique. The plants Berberis lyceum Royle, Morus nigra Linn and Zanthoxylum armatum were selected because of their potential use in the traditional medicine. The voltammetric response of the electrochemically generated superoxide anion radial in DMSO was monitored in the absence and presence of the plat extracts. The decrease in the current was interpreted in terms of antiradical activity of the added extract. The thermodynamic feasibility of the radical scavenging by extracts was accounted in terms of antioxidant activity coefficient (K(ao)) and standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG(o)). The values of K(ao) and ΔG(o) ranged from 1.0 x 102 to 57 x 102 L(-1) and -18 to -27 kJmol(-1), respectively. The possible mechanism of the antioxidant reaction was regarded as E(r)C(i) mechanism i.e. reversible electron transfer followed by hydrogen atom transfer- an irreversible chemical reaction.

Human antithrombin (AT) is the major inhibitor of blood coagulation and has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. Pasteurization of pharmaceutical AT products is usually performed at 60 degrees C for 10h in the presence of sodium citrate as stabilizer, sometimes in combination with sucrose. These stabilizers significantly decrease the aggregation and denaturation of AT, but during the pasteurization, a small amount of latent AT (LAT), a partially denatured form, is usually generated, as is an equal amount of another latent form of AT, the so-called prelatent AT (PLAT). The LAT formed during pasteurization has a rather low affinity to heparin and is easily removed by using a second heparin affinity chromatography step in the production process. This is in contrast to the PLAT, which has a slightly lower affinity to heparin than does native AT, which makes it hard to remove. Hence, four commercial products of pasteurized AT were previously shown to contain about 4% of PLAT. In the present work, an alternative pasteurization method is presented, where 2M ammonium sulfate and 50% sucrose are used as stabilizers. During this pasteurization, no, or trace amounts ( < 0.5%), of PLAT may be generated with no formation of aggregates. Moreover, the pasteurized AT has the same specific thrombin-inhibiting activity when compared to incubation in the presence of citrate and sucrose. Heparin affinity high-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of PLAT, LAT, and AT.

To study the influence of bonding agent on fracture strength of Plat-II castable ceramic crowns bonded to molars, we tested the specimens in vitro with Panavia 21 resin bonding agent and porcelite dual cure cement. The results showed that the fracture loading (845.8 +/- 137.1 N) of crowns bonded with Panavia 21 bonding agent was higher than that (534.0 +/- 58.7 N) of crows bonded with porcelite dual cure cement. The difference between the two agents was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The crowns bonded with Panavia 21 agent had higher strength than bite forces. These suggest that costable ceramic crowns could be bonded with Panavia 21 resin agent in clinical practice.

Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one of them were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline-supplemented diet ad libitum. Animals from both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution light microscopy and the study of the retina as "rétine a plat". Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Choline-supplemented rats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only choline-deficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras and ciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001, CI 95%: 0.48-0.86); ocular lesion and creatinine (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001, Cl 95%: 0.72-0.93) and ocular lesion and urea (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001, Cl 95%: 0.44-0.85) were positive. Choline-deficiency induces ocular haemorrhagic lesions after the development of renal necrosis. The ocular pathology could be due to the immaturity of the ocular vasculature at this age. The hyaloid, choroid and retinal system are involved.

Fractural osteitis is considered to be exclusively of external origin, being due either to accidental wounds, or to operatory wounds. The infection is usually either with a single strain of germs, or with a small number of strains, most frequently a staphylococcus strain with a necrototizing effect on the bone structure. The prophylaxis has a determinant role, and the authors stress the organisatory measures, as well as the medical attitudes that should prevail in the face of an open fracture. In the case of closed fractures that have been infected as a result of surgery the necessity for an "early reintervention" is stressed. Late postoperative osteitis may develop in a consolidated focus, and is called osteitis of the repaired bone. It may also develop as an osteoarthritis or, and this is more serious, as a suppurated pseudarthrosis. The therapeutic attitude depends on the condition, and may consist in the removal of the osteosynthesis material, removal of the sequestered bone tissue, a so-called: "mis-à-plat" of the cavity with muscular tissue and application of septopal pearls, or a two-stage spongious graft according to Papineau, under protection of the external fixation when the necessity arises.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of microbial colonization on different crown or fixed bridge-used restorative materials and discuss the standards for evaluating those materials microscopically. Four kinds of restorative materials such as SDA-II type medium alloy, ceramic-fused-to-metal material, heat cure composite resin for crown restoration, Plat castable ceramics and four species of precedent subgingival flora (A. viscosus, F. nucleterm, C. ochracea, S. sanguis) were used. The material specimen had been continuously anaerobic cultured with the experimental bacterial fluid for 3, 7 and 14 days respectively, then the OD values of the specimenwashing fluid which could stand for the biomass of colonized bacteria on the surfaces of materials were measured. The results indicated that the quantity of precedent subgingival flora colonization on the surfaces of different restorative materials varied among different species of bacteria, which might concern with the surface structure, composition, property of anticorrosion and antisoluability of those materials.

This study compared the tensile bond strengths of Vita II machinable ceramic and Plat II castable ceramic bonding to teeth with three resin cements. The three adhesive cements were Vita cerec, Panavia 21 and TF adhesives. The results showed: 1. The Vita cerec was a good adhesive for Vita II ceramic bonding to enamel and dentine, the bond strengths were 8.91 MPa and 8.48 MPa; 2. The Panavia 21 was suitable for Plat II ceramic bonding to enamel and dentine, the bond strengths were 10.92 MPa and 7.13 MPa respectively. And it was also a good adhesive for Vita II ceramic bonding to enamel, the bond strength was 7.48 MPa; 3. TF had poor adhesive effects for both ceramic materials.

Plant chloroplasts harbor ubiquitous lipid droplets called plastoglobules. While physically connected to the thylakoid membrane, they are characterized by a unique set of about 30 proteins specifically associated with the plastoglobule. How these proteins selectively target the plastoglobule remains unknown. Protease shaving assays with isolated Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid and plastoglobule show that a ca. 25 kD portion of the abundant structural protein of plastoglobules, Fibrillin 1a, is protected from protease digestion. Mapping of protease cleavage sites and experimentally identified phosphorylation sites onto a homology model of Fibrillin 1a indicates that this protected sequence corresponds to the C-terminal lipocalin-like domain, implicated in specific lipid binding. In contrast, protease shaving and membrane washing assays with another plastoglobule-associated protein harboring a C-terminal PLAT domain, Lipoxygenase 2, is consistent with an exposed PLAT domain positioned parallel with, and upon, the surface of the plastoglobule. We propose a model where conserved lipid-binding domains associate with either the surface or neutral core of the lipid droplet. Our study provides insight into the topology and membrane interactions of two plastoglobule-localized proteins.

Keywords: Lipid droplet; fibrillin; peripheral membrane; plastoglobule.

Proteases play a significant role in milk and its products by affecting flavor, texture and longevity. The expression of endogenous proteases varies across different stages of lactation. The study was conducted to understand the transcriptional pattern of different classes of protease-pathways associated genes (CTSB, CTSD, CTSH, CTSL, CTSK, CTSS, CTSZ, PLAU, PLAT) and potential protease inhibitors (SERPIN E2 and SERPIN F2) in 40 milk somatic cells (MSC) samples isolated during early, peak, mid and late lactation stages of Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes - the two most important dairy breeds of India. In Sahiwal cows, except CTSK and PLAU, the expression of other proteases class was not affected significantly (p > 0.05) across lactation stages. However, in Murrah buffaloes, the expression of different proteases increased as the lactation progressed. Most of the proteases showed lower expression during early and peak lactation stages while their expression tends to increase during mid to late lactation stages. The overall trend was somewhat similar in both the dairy species albeit the level of expression was higher in buffalo MSC as compared to cow MSC. The study has provided valuable information on expression kinetics of different proteases in milk somatic cells of two major dairy breeds of India.

Keywords: Native cows; lactation; milk somatic cells; proteases; riverine buffaloes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures: Pediococcus pentosaceus (KC-13100) (PP), Lactobacillus plantarum (KCTC-21004) (LP1), and L. plantarum (KCTC-13093) (LP2) on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages after 21 days of drying and ripening period. Treatments added with PP and LP2 strains showed a significant higher (p<0.05) LAB and total plat counts, and water activity (a_w) of all three treatments was below 0.85 after the completion of the ripening process. A significant variation (p<0.05) in pH values of treatments was exhibited due to the difference in acidification capacity of the LAB strains: LP2<PP<LP1. Treatments had significant difference (p<0.05) in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, in the following order: LP1>PP>LP2. Substantial variations (p<0.05) in shear force values were detected amongst three batches (LP2>LP1>PP). In sensory attributes, PP treated samples had significantly higher (p<0.05) color and overall acceptability scores. The current findings proved how important the optimal assortment of starter culture. Inoculation with PP produced importantly beneficial effects on sensory quality improvement of dry fermented sausage.

Keywords: dry fermented sausage; lactic acid bacteria (LAB); sensory evaluation; starter cultures; waterd activity.

Background: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process characterized by progressive bone destruction. Moreover, chronic bacterial osteomyelitis is regarded as a difficult-to-treat clinical entity due to its long-standing course and frequent infection recurrence. However, the role of genetic factors in the occurrence and development of bacterial osteomyelitis is poorly understood. Methods: We performed a systematic review to assess the frequency of individual alleles and genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among patients with bacterial osteomyelitis and healthy people to identify whether the SNPs are associated with the risk of developing bacterial osteomyelitis. Then, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes analyses were performed to identify the potential biological effects of these genes on the pathogenesis of bacterial osteomyelitis. Result: Fourteen eligible studies containing 25 genes were analyzed. In this review, we discovered that the SNPs in IL1B, IL6, IL4, IL10, IL12B, IL1A, IFNG, TNF, PTGS2, CTSG, vitamin D receptor (VDR), MMP1, PLAT, and BAX increased the risk of bacterial osteomyelitis, whereas those in IL1RN and TLR2 could protect against osteomyelitis. The bioinformatic analysis indicated that these osteomyelitis-related genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory reaction pathways, suggesting that inflammation plays a vital role in the development of bacterial osteomyelitis. Furthermore, functional notation for 25 SNPs in 17 significant genes was performed using the RegulomeDB and NCBI databases. Four SNPs (rs1143627, rs16944, rs2430561, and rs2070874) had smaller scores from regulome analysis, implying significant biological function. Conclusion: We systematically summarized several SNPs linked to bacterial osteomyelitis and discovered that these gene polymorphisms could be a genetic factor for bacterial osteomyelitis. Moreover, further large-scale cohort studies are needed to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the development of osteomyelitis to provide earlier individualized preventions and interventions for patients with osteomyelitis in clinical practice.

Keywords: genetic polymorphism; genotype; osteomyelitis; susceptibility; systematic review.

Cerebral ischemia is a pathology involving a cascade of cellular mechanisms, leading to the deregulation of proteostasis, including macroautophagy/autophagy, and finally to neuronal death. If it is now accepted that cerebral ischemia induces autophagy, the effect of thrombolysis/energy recovery on proteostasis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of thrombolysis by PLAT/tPA (plasminogen activator, tissue) on autophagy and neuronal death. In two in vitro models of hypoxia reperfusion and an in vivo model of thromboembolic stroke with thrombolysis by PLAT/tPA, we found that ischemia enhances neuronal deleterious autophagy. Interestingly, PLAT/tPA decreases autophagy to mediate neuroprotection by modulating the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathways both in vitro and in vivo. We identified IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor I receptor; a tyrosine kinase receptor) as the effective receptor and showed in vitro, in vivo and in human stroke patients and that PLAT/tPA is able to degrade IGFBP3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3) to increase IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) bioavailability and thus IGF1R activation.Abbreviations: AKT/protein kinase B: thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; Hx: hypoxia; IGF1: insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF1R: insulin-like growth factor I receptor; IGFBP3: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; Ka: Kainate; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK/ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; OGD: oxygen and glucose deprivation; OGD_reox: oxygen and glucose deprivation + reoxygentation; PepA: pepstatin A1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PLAT/tPA: plasminogen activator, tissue; PPP: picropodophyllin; SCH77: SCH772984; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; Wort: wortmannin.

Keywords: IGF1R; IGFBP3; LC3; MTORC1; SQSTM1/p62; stroke.

Background: There is no data specific to the addition of renal dysfunction and age 50-64 years as risk parameters to the CHA₂DS₂-VA score, which is known as the R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA score, among NVAF patients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to validate the R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA score for predicting thromboembolism in Thai NVAF patients.

Methods: Thai NVAF patients were prospectively enrolled in a nationwide multicenter registry from 27 hospitals during 2014-2020. Each component of the CHA₂DS₂-VA and R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA scores was scored and recorded. The main outcomes were thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and/or systemic embolism. The annual incidence rate of thromboembolism among patients in each R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA and CHA₂DS₂-VA risk score category is shown as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The performance of the R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA and CHA₂DS₂-VA scores was demonstrated using c-statistics. Net reclassification index was calculated. Calibration plat was used to assess agreement between observed probabilities and predicted probabilities of both scoring system.

Results: A total of 3402 patients were enrolled during 2014-2020. The average age of patients was 67.38 ± 11.27 years. Of those, 46.9% had renal disease, 30.7% had a history of heart failure, and 17.1% had previous stroke or TIA. The average R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA and CHA₂DS₂-VA scores were 3.92 ± 1.92 and 2.98 ± 1.43, respectively. Annual thromboembolic risk increased with incremental increase in R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA and CHA₂DS₂-VA scores. Oral anticoagulants had benefit in stroke prevention in NVAF patients with an R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA score of 2 or more (adjusted HR: 0.630, 95% CI 0.413-0.962, p = 0.032). The c-statistics were 0.630 (95% CI 0.61-0.65) and 0.627 (95% CI 0.61-0.64), for R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA and CHA2DS2-VA scores respectively. NRI was 2.2%. The slope and R2 of the calibration plot were 0.73 and 0.905 for R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA and 0.70 and 0.846 for CHA₂DS₂-VA score respectively.

Conclusions: R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA score was found to be at least as good as CHA₂DS₂-VA score for predicting thromboembolism in Thai patients with NVAF. Similar to CHA₂DS₂-VA score, thromboembolism increased with incremental increase in R₂CHA₂DS₂-VA score.

Keywords: Anticoagulant; CHA2DS2-VASc; NVAF; Non-valvular atrial fibrillation; R2CHA2DS2-VA; Thromboembolism.

One hundred and twenty-three patients with advanced measureable malignant lymphomas resistant to conventional chemotherapy were entered in a prospectively randomized trial of two teniposide (VM-26)-based combination chemotherapy regimens: V-PLAT (VM-26, cisplatin, and prednisone) and V-HEX (VM-26, hexamethylmelamine, and prednisone). Ninety-seven eligible and evaluable patients received protocol therapy. Sixteen percent of the patients had Hodgkin's disease, and 84% had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients were ambulatory (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status 0, 1, or 2), 70% had stage IV disease, 59% had "B" symptoms, and all had failed either two or three previous chemotherapy regimens. Toxicity was mainly hematologic and significantly greater with V-PLAT. Objective tumor responses were seen in nine of 45 patients (20%) treated with V-PLAT (duration, 4-35 + weeks) and in four of 51 patients (8%) treated with V-HEX (duration, 10-65 + weeks). Among the 12 patients with histologically confirmed histiocytic lymphoma treated with V-PLAT, five (42%) experienced objective tumor responses, including two complete responses. Overall median survival was approximately 6 months, with no difference between treatment regimens. Limited antitumor activity of these combination regimens in patients with advanced malignant lymphomas has been demonstrated. However, the objective response rates were not higher than we have previously seen with either VM-26 (22%) or hexamethylmelamine (27%) given in maximum tolerable doses as single agents.