BACKGROUND

Studies regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the lateral ankle ligaments in chronic lateral ankle instability and their clinical relevance for surgery are lacking. This study classified the lateral ankle ligament MRI findings of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and correlated these findings with ankle stress radiographs.

METHODS

We included 132 ankles with CLAI that underwent ligament reconstructions from 2006 to 2013. The distributions of the ATFL and CFL morphologies were evaluated using the following categories: (1) the amount of thickness: normal/thickened/attenuated/non-visualized, (2) the presence of discontinuity, (3) wavy or irregular contour, and (4) increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The relationships between the ligament morphologies and stress radiographs were analyzed.

RESULTS

The ATFL was normal in 5 (4%) ankles, thickened in 35 (27%), attenuated in 76 (58%), and non-visualized in 16 (12%), while the CFL was normal in 39 (30%) ankles, thickened in 42 (32%), attenuated in 44 (33%), and non-visualized in 7 (5%). Discontinuity of the ATFL or CFL was observed in 46 (35%) ankles. Wavy or irregular contours were observed in 55 (42%) ATFLs and 37 (28%) CFLs, and signal intensity of both ligaments was increased in 19 (14%) ankles. ATFL ( P < .001) and CFL thickness ( P = .007) correlated with the talar tilt angle.

CONCLUSIONS

The MRI findings of CLAI showed several morphologies and specific incidences for each morphology. Attenuated, wavy appearance was the most frequent MRI pattern. Thickness was related to the degree of instability.

METHODS

Level IV, retrospective case series.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether the image quality of three-dimensional (3D) volume isotropic fast spin echo acquisition (VISTA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) view is comparable to that of 2D fast spin echo T2-weighted images (2D T2 FSE) for the evaluation of the CFL, and whether 3D VISTA can replace 2D T2 FSE for the evaluation of CFL injuries.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 76 patients who underwent ankle MRI with CFL views of both 2D T2 FSE MRI and 3D VISTA. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of both techniques were measured. The anatomical identification score and diagnostic performances were evaluated by two readers independently. The diagnostic performances of 3D VISTA and 2D T2 FSE were analysed by sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing CFL injury with reference standards of surgically or clinically confirmed diagnoses. Surgical correlation was performed in 29% of the patients, and clinical examination was used in those who did not have surgery (71%).

RESULTS

The SNRs and CNRs of 3D VISTA were significantly higher than those of 2D T2 FSE. The anatomical identification scores on 3D VISTA were inferior to those on 2D T2 FSE, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in diagnostic performance between the two sequences when diagnoses were classified as normal or abnormal.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the image quality of 3D VISTA MRI of the CFL view is not equal to that of 2D T2 FSE for the anatomical evaluation of CFL, 3D VISTA has a diagnostic performance comparable to that of 2D T2 FSE for the diagnosis of CFL injuries.

BACKGROUND

MRI analysis of subtalar ligaments in the tarsal sinus has not been well performed. We retrospectively investigated the appearance of subtalar ligaments using 3D isotropic MRI and compared imaging findings of subtalar ligaments between patients with subtalar instability (STI) and controls.

METHODS

Preoperative MRIs of 23 STI patients treated with arthroscopic subtalar reconstruction were compared to MRIs of 23 age- and sex-matched control subjects without STI. Thickness and width of anterior capsular ligament (ACL) and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) as well as thickness of calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) were measured. Abnormalities in ACL, ITCL, CFL, ATFL, cervical ligament, and inferior extensor retinaculum were analyzed.

RESULTS

STI patients had significantly smaller ACL thickness and ACL width than controls (ACL thickness: 1.73 mm vs. 2.22 mm, p = 0.007; ACL width: 7.21 mm vs. 8.80 mm, p = 0.004). ACL thickness of ≤2.1 mm had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 66.7% for diagnosis of STI. ACL width of ≤7.9 mm had a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 76.2% for the diagnosis of STI. However, thickness and width of ITCL, thickness of CFL, or thickness of ATFL was not significantly different between the two groups. Absence or complete tear of ACL was significantly more frequent in STI patients than that in controls (34.8% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.035). Complete tear of CFL and ATFL was more common in STI patients than that in controls, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Abnormalities of ITCL, cervical ligament, or inferior extensor retinaculum were not significantly different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

MRI features of thin or narrow ACLs may suggest STI. Absence or complete tear of ACL was significantly more common in STI patients than that in controls.

Fibre is an important nutrient for rabbit health, and, on commercial pet rabbit packaging, it is labelled as crude fibre (CF). In several species, it is considered that CF is not an accurate representation of the fibre content in feedstuffs. The objective of this study was to compare the CF stated on the label (CFL) with laboratory analysis of CF (CFA) and the analysed content of total dietary fibre (TDF) in different commercial pet rabbit feeds. We selected 15 commercial diets and analysed CF and TDF. A mixed model was used to evaluate differences between CFL, CFA and TDF, and linear regression was performed to study the correlation between CFL and CFA with TDF. CFA and CFL were not significantly different (p = 0.836) in the feeds studied, and both were lower than TDF (p < 0.001). The correlations between TDF and both CFA and CFL were significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively), but the correlation was better with CFA (R = 0.86) than with CFL (R = 0.53). As expected, TDF content was higher than CF content, an average of two times. These results suggest that the CF content in rabbit diets reported on the label is not an appropriate indicator of their total fibre content, although further work with a larger sample size is required to confirm these results.

TiO2-based photocatalysis offers certain advantages like rapid degradation and mineralization of organic compounds. However, the practical applicability of photocatalysts in degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is still restricted by challenges including their limited photocatalytic activity under visible light and difficulty in their separation from suspension. To overcome these challenges, a visible-light-driven magnetic N-TiO2@SiO2@Fe3O4 nanophotocatalyst was developed through fine-tuning the pertinent factors (calcination temperature, Fe3O4 loading, and nitrogen doping) involved during synthesis process, on the basis of degradation of ibuprofen (a typical PPCP). The TEM-EDX, XRD and XPS analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of nanophotocatalyst. By comparing nanophotocatalyst's performance on ibuprofen under two visible light sources, i.e., compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) of similar irradiance, CFLs of irradiance 320μWcm-2 and peak emissive wavelength 543nm served as a better source, resulting in 94% degradation. Furthermore, 93% of benzophenone-3 within 5h and 71% of carbamazepine within 9h was degraded under visible light emitted by CFLs. The superparamagnetic behavior of the nanophotocatalyst enabled its successful magnetic separation (95% efficiency) from the suspension within 20-25min under an electromagnetic field of ∼200mT.

Organoselenium compounds constitute an important class of substances with applications in the biological, medicinal and material sciences as well as in modern organic synthesis, attracting considerable attention from the scientific community. Therefore, the construction of the C-Se bond via facile, efficient and sustainable strategies to access complex scaffolds from simple substrates are an appealing and hot topic. Visible light can be regarded as an alternative source of energy and is associated with environmentally-friendly processes. Recently, the use of visible-light mediated seleno-functionalization has emerged as an ideal and powerful route to obtain high-value selenylated products, with diminished cost and waste. This approach, involving photo-excited substrates/catalyst and single-electron transfer (SET) between substrates in the presence of visible light has been successfully used in the versatile and direct insertion of organoselenium moieties in activated and unactivated C(sp³ )-H, C(sp² )-H, C(sp)-H bonds as well as C-heteroatom bonds. In most cases, ease of operation and accessibility of the light source (LEDs or commercial CFL bulbs) makes this approach more attractive and sustainable than the traditional strategies.

Keywords: C−H bond functionalization; Organoselenium; photocatalyst; photoredox; visible light.

BACKGROUND

Compulsive symptoms develop in patients exposed to pramipexole (PPX), a dopaminergic agonist with high selectivity for the D3 receptor. Consistently, we demonstrated that PPX produces an exaggerated increase in contrafreeloading (CFL) for water, a repetitive and highly inflexible behavior that models core aspects of compulsive disorders.

OBJECTIVE

Given the role of the hippocampus in behavioral flexibility, motivational control, and visuospatial working memory, we investigated the role of hippocampus in the expression of PPX-induced CFL. To this aim, rats were subjected to CFL under chronic PPX, and then examined for the electrophysiological, structural, and molecular properties of their hippocampus.

METHODS

We measured long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 Schaffer collaterals, dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and then glutamate release and expression of pre and postsynaptic proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes. The effects of PPX on hippocampal-dependent working memory were assessed through the novel object recognition (NOR) test.

RESULTS

We found that PPX-treated rats showing CFL exhibited a significant decrease in hippocampal LTP and failed to exhibit the expected increase in hippocampal spine density. Glutamate release and PSD-95 expression were decreased, while pSYN expression was increased in hippocampal synaptosomes of PPX-treated rats showing CFL. Despite a general impairment of hippocampal synaptic function, working memory was unaffected by PPX treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate that chronic PPX affects synaptic function in the hippocampus, an area that is critically involved in the expression of flexible, goal-centered behaviors. We suggest that the hippocampus is a promising target in the pharmacotherapy of compulsive disorders.

<p>Background: Ankle sprains are common, affecting especially the lateral ligament complex of the ankle, often leading to chronic symptoms and instability. Many procedures have been described for chronic ankle instability. This study analyses clinical outcomes and returns to sport in patients who underwent minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ligaments complex of the ankle with a semitendinosus tendon autograft.</p><p>Methods: Twenty-three patients (mean age: 33.9 years) with grade 3 lesion of both anterior-talofibular (ATFL) and calcaneofibular (CFL) ligaments, underwent minimally invasive reconstruction of the ATFL and CFL ligaments with an ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon autograft. They were retrospectively reviewed and return to sport was evaluated with the Halasi ankle activity scale.</p><p>Results: The mean follow-up was 30 months (range 26-53 months). The mean AOFAS score increased from 68.6 to 95.3 point. The average VAS decreased from 3.6 to 1.3. The Halasi score changed from 5.0 to 5.1. Excepts for Halasi, the differences were statistically significant (p &lt;0.001).19 patients judged the received treatment as excellent, 2 as good. No revision procedures were performed. No major complications were reported.</p> <p>Conclusions: This study confirms good clinical and sports outcomes following minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ligaments complex of the ankle with a semitendinosus autograft.</p>.

Keywords: chronic ankle instability; lateral ligaments complex; minimally invasive reconstruction; sport outcomes.

A continuous-flow protocol for the bromination of benzylic compounds with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is presented. The radical reactions were activated with a readily available household compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) using a simple flow reactor design based on transparent fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP) tubing. All of the reactions were carried out using acetonitrile as the solvent, thus avoiding hazardous chlorinated solvents such as CCl4. For each substrate, only 1.05 equiv of NBS was necessary to fully transform the benzylic starting material into the corresponding bromide. The general character of the procedure was demonstrated by brominating a diverse set of 19 substrates containing different functional groups. Good to excellent isolated yields were obtained in all cases. The novel flow protocol can be readily scaled to multigram quantities by operating the reactor for longer time periods (throughput 30 mmol h(-1)), which is not easily possible in batch photochemical reactors. The bromination protocol can also be performed with equal efficiency in a larger flow reactor utilizing a more powerful lamp. For the bromination of phenylacetone as a model, a productivity of 180 mmol h(-1) for the desired bromide was achieved.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), which causes bacterial canker, is the most polyphagous bacterium in the P. syringae complex due to its broad host range. This pathogen is considered the major bacterial disease in cherry orchards. In this study, several samples were collected from infected sweet cherry trees in different locations of the Marmara region in Turkey between 2016-2018. Sixty-three isolates were identified as Pss by pathogenicity, LOPAT, GATTa, and MALDI-TOF MS tests. Total genomic DNA was extracted to confirm identity, followed by PCR amplification of syrB and cfl genes. Out of 63 isolates, 12 were randomly selected for Repetitive Element Sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis to gain insight into the relationships of those isolates. The cluster analysis of rep-PCR (ERIC-, REP- and BOX-PCR) could classify the isolates into two distinct clusters. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to obtain the relation between isolates and the location.The MLST analysis of gyrB, rpoDp, rpoDs, and gltA genes allowed a clear allocation of the isolates into two separate main clusters. The relationship among the isolates were also evaluated by constructing a genealogical median-joining network (MJN). The isolates from six locations produced 11 haplotypes that were illustrated in the MJN. The results of this study proved that location could not be an indicator for showing the genetic diversity of Pss from cherry orchards. As the genetic variability of Pseudomonads has been demonstrated, the current study also showed high diversity among different isolates even within the populations. While more research is recommended, the results of this study contributed to a better understanding of the Pss evolutionary progress and genetic diversity of sweet cherry isolates.

Keywords:Prunus avium; Bacterial canker; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Repetitive Element Sequence-based PCR; phylogenetic analysis.

Background: Osteochondral defects of the talus (OCD) are a well-established pathology within the ankle. They are most commonly associated with ankle trauma and whilst many are asymptomatic, they can have a significant negative impact on the patient, most notably with regards pain and mobility. Treatment of these lesions remains variable across the diverse cohort of these patients.

Aims: Evaluating the incidence of talus OCDs. Evaluating anatomic and morphologic data of the lesions against previous studies. Establishing if there was there any associated ligamentous injury. Determining the cohort of patients who were considered/underwent surgical intervention.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients presenting to a single Scottish Hospital with Talar OCDs between 2012-2016. Data collected included radiological appearance of the lesions (location and size), clinical history, associated ligament injury, treatment given and subsequent outcome. Categorical variables were presented as count and percentage while non-parametric variables were presented as median and interquartile range.

Results: 90 new cases that matched our inclusion criteria were identified. Using the Raikin classification, the majority of injuries are in the posteromedial (26%), centrolateral (21%), and centromedial (18%) segments of the talus. Of note, no lesions were identified in the posterocentral segment. 46% of patients had an associated ligamentous injury, either in the form of a sprain or tear. Most commonly the injury involved both ATFL and CFL (82%). 70% of patients that underwent surgery had radiological evidence of ligamentous injury. No statistically significant difference was identified between the management option and the involved segment according to Orr/Raikin classifications.

Conclusion: Talus osteochondral defects are a pathology which is more common than originally thought and their treatment remain a controversial topic. Little is known about the physical history of the condition as most cases are asymptomatic, thus poorly documented by definition. There is a clear opportunity and need for further research into developing evidence-based guidelines for their management. This study tried to correlate the management of OCDs with epidemiological and radiological data.

Keywords: Ankle; Osteochondral defects; Talus; Trauma.

Aim and objective: The aim and objective of this study is to test the effect of an optimized caloric supply in the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in mechanically ventilated patients on the ability to perform their activities of daily living (ADL) in the long-term.

Materials and methods: A prospective observational study comparing patients who achieved an adequate caloric target (≥80%) vs those whose target was inadequate (<80%). The primary outcome under study is the instrumental ADL (IADL) scale after 6 months of discharge.

Results: Ninety-two patients were evaluated in the ICU and 50 were alive at 6 months. Follow-up was lost for 3 patients and 47 patients were evaluated at ICU and after 6 months. Thirty-four patients reached the energetic target and 13 did not reach it. There was no significant variation in IADL.

Conclusion: The energy adequacy in the first week of hospitalization was achieved by most survivors; however, this conduct does not seem to have influenced the ability to perform ADL after 6 months of discharge.

How to cite this article: Dariano AP, Couto CFL, Rubin BA, Viana MV, Friedman G. Caloric Adequacy in the First Week of Mechanically Ventilated Patients has No Impact on Long-term Daily Life Activities. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(12):1206-1212.

Keywords: Caloric target; Critical care medicine; Daily life activities; Long-term survival; Mechanical ventilation; Nutrition.

The convergence of lithographic source and mask optimization (SMO) has been plagued by the prohibitive time-step dictated by the stability of the explicit Euler-forward scheme in the gradient-based optimization procedure. As a remedy, we solve the distance level-set regularized reformulation of the SMO by discretizing the stability-relevant terms in an implicit manner and apply operator splitting to separately update source and mask patterns in coordinate dimensions by solving the tridiagonal systems of linear equations using the Thomas method, combining stability and simplicity. Simulation results merit the superiority of the proposed SMO approach with improved convergence by overcoming the stability constraints of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition.

Finite lumps of color-flavor locked strange-quark matter (CFL strangelets) are significantly more stable than strangelets without color-flavor locking for wide ranges of parameters, increasing the likelihood of strangelet metastability, or even absolute stability beyond some minimum baryon number A(min). Whereas bulk CFL strange-quark matter is electrically neutral, CFL strangelets are positively charged, with Z approximately 0.3A(2/3). This is quite different from "ordinary" strangelets and may provide a possible test of color-flavor locking if strangelets are detected in upcoming cosmic-ray space experiments.

We introduce cracked film lithography (CFL) as a way to reduce the cost of III-V photovoltaics (PV). We spin-coat nanoparticle suspensions onto GaAs thin-film device stacks. The suspensions dry in seconds, forming crack networks that we use as templates through which to electroplate the solar cells' front metal grids. For the first time, we show that heating the crack template allows it to flow and re-fill cracks, which decreases crack footprint and improves final grid transmittance. We demonstrate 24.7%-efficient single-junction GaAs solar cells using vacuum-free CFL grids. These devices are only 1.7% (absolute) less efficient than the baseline grids patterned by photolithography with the loss mostly resulting from the reduced transparency of the CFL pattern. Additional optimization could decrease this difference. Initial cost modeling suggests that CFL is more scalable than photolithography: In particular, CFL's lower materials and equipment costs could greatly reduce the levelized cost of electricity of III-V PV at scale, a potential step toward terrestrial deployment.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography for complete discontinuity of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL).

Methods: All acute ankle injuries in adult athletes (> 18 years old) presenting to the outpatient department of a specialised Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital within 7 days post-injury were assessed for eligibility. Using ultrasonography, one musculoskeletal radiologist assessed the ATFL, CFL and AITFL for complete discontinuity. Dynamic ultrasound measurements of the tibiofibular distance (mm) in both ankles (injured and contralateral) were acquired in the neutral position (N), during maximal external rotation (Max ER), and maximal internal rotation (Max IR). MR imaging was used as a reference standard.

Results: Between October 2017 and July 2019, 92 acute ankle injuries were included. Ultrasound diagnosed complete discontinuity of the ATFL with 87% (CI 74-95%) sensitivity and 69% (CI 53-82%) specificity. Discontinuity of the CFL was diagnosed with 29% (CI 10-56%) sensitivity and 92% (CI 83-97%) specificity. Ultrasound diagnosed discontinuity of the AITFL with 100% (CI 74-100%) sensitivity and 100% (CI 95-100%) specificity. Of the dynamic measurements, the side-to-side difference in external rotation had the highest diagnostic value for complete discontinuity of the AITFL (sensitivity 82%, specificity 86%; cut-off 0.93 mm).

Conclusions: Ultrasound has a good to excellent diagnostic value for complete discontinuity of the ATFL and AITFL. Therefore, ultrasound can be used to screen for injury of the ATFL and AITFL. Compared with ultrasound, dynamic ultrasound has inferior diagnostic value for complete discontinuity of the AITFL.

Key points: • Ultrasound has a good to excellent diagnostic value for complete discontinuity of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL). • Ultrasound can be used to screen for injury of the ATFL and AITFL. • Compared with ultrasound, dynamic ultrasound has inferior diagnostic value for complete discontinuity of the AITFL.

Keywords: Ankle injuries; Ligaments; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ultrasound.

Background: There are several types of tenodesis reconstruction designed for subtalar instability. However, no comprehensive comparison has been conducted among these procedures in terms of their correcting power so far. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical behaviors of 5 representative procedures through finite element analysis.

Methods: Finite element models were established and validated based on one of our previous studies. The Pisani interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) reconstruction, Schon cervical ligament (CL) reconstruction and Choisne calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) reconstruction were compared on the model with the CFL, ITCL and CL sectioned. The Schon triligamentous reconstruction and Mann triligamentous reconstruction were compared on the model with the CFL, ITCL and CL, as well as the ATFL sectioned. The inversion and external/internal rotation were quantified at different ankle positions based on the rotational moment. Then, the stress in ligaments and reconstructed grafts and the contact characteristics of the subtalar joint under inversional stress test were calculated and compared accordingly.

Results: For single ligament reconstruction, the Choisne CFL reconstruction provided the greatest degree of correction for subtalar instability, followed by the Schon CL reconstruction and then the Pisani ITCL reconstruction. For triligamentous reconstruction, the Mann procedure outperformed the Schon procedure in alleviating the subtalar instability.

Conclusion: The finite element analysis showed that the Choisne CFL reconstruction and Mann triligamentous reconstruction provided the greatest degree of immediate postoperative subtalar stability. However, both procedures could not restore the biomechanical behaviors of the subtalar joint to normal. The long-term efficacy of these procedures warrants further investigation using a substantially larger sample of clinical cases.

Keywords: Biomechanical; Finite element; Kinematic characteristics; Subtalar instability; Tenodesis reconstruction.

Increased energy costs, social marketing campaigns, public subsidies, and reduced retail prices have dramatically increased the number of compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) installed worldwide. CFLs provide many benefits, but they contain a very small amount of mercury. Given the billions of CFLs in use worldwide, they represent a significant source of mercury unless CFLs are recycled and the mercury recovered in an environmentally sound manner. In the state of Maine (northeast United States), despite mandated recycling of CFLs and availability of free CFL recycling, the household CFL recycling rate is very low. A study was undertaken to identify the primary factors responsible for low recycling. The first step was to survey householders who use CFLs. The 520 survey responses indicated that insufficient knowledge regarding recycling and inconvenience of the collection system are the two primary factors for the low recycling rate. To validate these findings, the second step was an examination of the current collection system to assess (a) the knowledge requirements necessary for recycling and (b) the convenience of the collection system. The results of this examination validated that knowledge requirements were excessively difficult to fulfill and the collection system is not sufficiently convenient. Based on these results, waste managers should focus on increasing convenience and simplifying access to information when designing or improving household collection and recycling of CFLs.

Tracing the paths of collections of particles through a flow field is a key step for many flow visualization and analysis methods. When a flow field is interpolated from the nodes of an unstructured mesh, the process of advecting a particle must first find which cell in the unstructured mesh contains the particle. Since the paths of nearby particles often diverge, the parallelization of particle advection quickly leads to incoherent memory accesses of the unstructured mesh. We have developed a new block advection GPU approach that reorganizes particles into spatially coherent bundles as they follow their advection paths, which greatly improves memory coherence and thus shared-memory GPU performance. This approach works best for flows that meet the CFL criterion on unstructured meshes of uniformly sized elements, small enough to fit at least two timesteps in GPU memory.

Objective: To explore the MRI features of the lateral collateral ligament injuries of the ankle and determine the value MRI in diagnosing the ligament injuries of the ankle. Methods: The study was reviewed and approved by an institutional review board of hospital. Retrospective analysised 10 healthy volunteers and 26 ankle injury cases underwent surgery since January 2013 to September 2016, the MR imaging findings of patients were compared with volunteers' and operative documents, to analysis the MRI feature of the ligament injuries of the ankle. Results: The normal anterior talofibular ligament and posterior talofibular ligament can be manifest in 3-4 layers of MRI, and can be fully displayed in 1 layer. The normal calcaneofibular ligament can be manifest in 3 layers of MRI, but can not be fully displayed in 1 layer. 26 cases of lateral ligament injury (including 1 case of ATFL injury, 1 case of CFL injury, 3 cases of ATFL conjunction with CFL injury, 3 cases of ATFL conjunction with CFL and PTFL injury) manifested the heterogeneous signal of the T(1)-weighted image, the ligament disruption, the increased signal intensity on fat-suppression PD-weighted image , the surrounding soft tissue edema and bone marrow edema. Conclusion: MR imaging is an accurate method for evaluation of the ligament injuries of the ankle, and it is a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment.