Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 70(3): 729-754

The Bacterial Cytoskeleton

Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032

^{Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032. Phone: (860) 679-3581. Fax: (860) 6789-1239. E-mail:}ude.chcu.noruen@htorl.

^{Present address: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academica Sin- ica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.}

Abstract

In recent years it has been shown that bacteria contain a number of cytoskeletal structures. The bacterial cytoplasmic elements include homologs of the three major types of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament proteins) and a fourth group, the MinD-ParA group, that appears to be unique to bacteria. The cytoskeletal structures play important roles in cell division, cell polarity, cell shape regulation, plasmid partition, and other functions. The proteins self-assemble into filamentous structures in vitro and form intracellular ordered structures in vivo. In addition, there are a number of filamentous bacterial elements that may turn out to be cytoskeletal in nature. This review attempts to summarize and integrate the in vivo and in vitro aspects of these systems and to evaluate the probable future directions of this active research field.

Abstract

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the help of Vitaliy Gorbatyuk in construction of protein three-dimensional figures, and we acknowledge Luyan Ma and Denis Wirtz for permission to quote unpublished information. We thank Mary Osborn for important help and advice and Stuart Austin, Miguel de Pedro, Jeff Errington, Kenn Gerdes, Giovanna Rosati, Christine Jacobs-Wagner, Dyche Mullins, Denis Wirtz, Andrew Wright, and other colleagues for helpful discussions.

Work from the laboratory of L.R. was supported by NIH grant GM R37-06032.

Acknowledgments

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