Redox signaling across cell membranes.
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Journal: 2009/November - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling
ISSN: 1557-7716
Abstract:
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidase (Nox 2) is a major mechanism of cell signaling associated with activation of the enzyme by a variety of agonists. With activation, the integral membrane flavocytochrome of Nox 2 transfers an electron from intracellular NADPH to extracellular O(2), generating superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)). The latter dismutes to H(2)O(2) which can diffuse through aquaporin channels in the plasma membrane to elicit an intracellular signaling response. O(2)(*-) also can initiate intracellular signaling by penetration of the cell membrane through anion channels (Cl(-) channel-3, ClC-3). Endosomes containing Nox2 and ClC-3 (called signaling endosomes) are composed of internalized plasma membrane and generate O(2)(*-) in the endosomal lumen to initiate signaling at intracellular sites. Thus, cellular signaling by Nox2 is dependent on the transmembrane flux of ROS. The role of this pathway has only recently been described and will require additional investigation to appreciate its physiological significance fully.
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Antioxid Redox Signal 11(6): 1349-1356
PMID: 19061438

Redox Signaling Across Cell Membranes

University of Pennsylvania, Institute for Environmental Medicine, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Corresponding author.
Address reprint requests to: Aron B. Fisher, M.D., Director, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail:UDE.NNEPU.DEM.LIAM@FBA
Address reprint requests to: Aron B. Fisher, M.D., Director, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail:UDE.NNEPU.DEM.LIAM@FBA
Received 2008 Nov 24; Revised 2008 Dec 1; Accepted 2008 Dec 6.
Copyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Abstract

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by plasma membrane–localized NADPH oxidase (Nox 2) is a major mechanism of cell signaling associated with activation of the enzyme by a variety of agonists. With activation, the integral membrane flavocytochrome of Nox 2 transfers an electron from intracellular NADPH to extracellular O2, generating superoxide anion (O2). The latter dismutes to H2O2 which can diffuse through aquaporin channels in the plasma membrane to elicit an intracellular signaling response. O2 also can initiate intracellular signaling by penetration of the cell membrane through anion channels (Cl channel-3, ClC-3). Endosomes containing Nox2 and ClC-3 (called signaling endosomes) are composed of internalized plasma membrane and generate O2 in the endosomal lumen to initiate signaling at intracellular sites. Thus, cellular signaling by Nox2 is dependent on the transmembrane flux of ROS. The role of this pathway has only recently been described and will require additional investigation to appreciate its physiological significance fully. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 1349–1356.

Abstract

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