Objective To prepare rabbit anti-aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) polyclonal antibody and identify its specificity. Methods AKR1B10 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET-15b to form recombinant plasmid pET-15b-AKR1B10. The recombinant plasmid pET-15b-AKR1B10 was transformed into E.coli DH5α. Isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside (IPTG) was used to induce the expression of the recombinant protein His-tagged AKR1B10 in E.coli DH5α. The expression products from different clones of E.coli DH5α were identified by SDS-PAGE. The positive bacteria were picked out and amplified. His-Tag-AKR1B10 protein was purified from the expression product of the positive clones by His-tagged purification column. The purified recombinant protein His-Tag-AKR1B10 was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits. Antisera were acquired after two months. Anti-AKR1B10 polyclonal antibodies were purified by antigen purification column with AKR1B10 recombinant protein. Lastly, the purified polyclonal antibodies were identified by SDS-PAGE, ELISA, Western blotting. Results The recombinant plasmid pET-15b-AKR1B10 was constructed successfully, and the recombinant protein His-Tag-AKR1B10 with high purity was acquired. The purified polyclonal antibodies were able to specifically recognize AKR1B10 protein. Conclusion The rabbit anti-AKR1B10 polyclonal antibodies is prepared successfully with high specificity.