The anticonvulsant potential of aqueous fruit extract of Passiflora caerulea (PCAE) was evaluated in swiss albino mice induced by pilocarpine. The antioxidant activities of PCAE were determined which showed strong antioxidant activity and the polyphenol compounds such as ginsenoside, naringenin, chrysoeriol 8-c-glucoside, luteolin-6-C-glucoside, apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside were profiled through RP-HPLC and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chronic effects of PCAE on pilocarpine (85 mg/kg; i.p)-induced convulsions were evaluated in Swiss adult male albino mice. PCAE at 100 and 200 mg/kg, (p.o.) and diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.p) were administered once daily for 15 days. In Y-maze test, percentage of correct entry by pilocarpine administered animals were significantly lower when compared to control, whereas PCAE at both doses improved the alteration score significantly. Administration of higher dose (200 mg/kg) of PCAE significantly delayed onset of convulsions and decreased duration of clonic convulsions. Association of ROS production during seizure period was further confirmed by histopathological studies revealing loss of normal neuronal cells in hippocampus region. The data obtained showed anticonvulsant activity and improved cognitive function; reduced the oxidative damage and significantly activated the cholinergic neurotransmission in a dose dependent manner similar to diazepam which is evident in the biochemical parameters and histopathological study, suggesting therapeutic potential for epilepsy and neurodegeneration.