Indian J Clin Biochem 17(1): 34-41

PMC: PMC3453718

PMID: 23105334

doi: 10.1007/BF02867939

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in tubercular meningitis

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Therefore, in the present study, erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, percentage hemolysis, antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and plasma antioxidants viz., ceruloplasmin, vitamins A,E and C have been determined in 19 patients with tubercular meningitis (TBM) and 50 normals. Six patients who were treated with antibiotics were considered for the follow up. The statistical analysis was carried out by Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Lipid peroxidation (P<0.02), percentage hemolysis (P<0.001) and plasma ceruloplasmin (P<0.0001) of TBM patients were significantly higher, whereas erythrocyte glutathione reductase (P<0.05) and plasma antioxidant vitamins A, E and C (P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively) were significantly lower than those of the controls. In the follow up patients the glutathione reductase and catalase levels were significantly high (P<0.05) compared to their pre-treated condition. Vitamin C and E levels have attained normal range. This study indicated that the blood antioxidant status of TBM patients which was low compared to controls improved after treatment, suggesting the role of free radicals in TBM.

Key Words: Antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation, tubercular meningitis

Abstract

Key Words: Antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation, tubercular meningitis

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

1. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free radicals and toxicology. In: Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C., editors. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1991. pp. 299–365. [Google Scholar]

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5. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. The antioxidants of human extracellular fluids. Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 1990;280:1–8. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90510-6. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

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8. Paglia D.E., Valentine W.N. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1967;70:158–169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

9. Beauchamp C., Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 1971;44:276–287. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

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24. Immanuel C., Acharyulu G.S., Kannapiran M., Segaran R., Sarma G.R. Acute phase proteins in tuberculous patients. Indian J. Chest. Dis. Allied Sci. 1990;32:15–23. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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26. Malkowska Zwierz W., Garlinski P., Zukowska M., et al. The effect of vitamin E on granulocyte function in patients with recurrent infections. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. Warz. 1991;39:109–115. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

27. Heinz-Erain P., Achm Ulter M., Berger H., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma vitamin C in children. Padiatr. Padol. 1985;20:49–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

28. Drath D.B., Karnovsky M.L. Bactericidal activity of metal mediated peroxidase ascorbate system. Infect. Immun. 1974;10:1077–1083.[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

29. Berg J.J., Kuypers F.A., Roelofsen B., Op-den-Kamp J.A. The cooperative action of vitamin E and C in the protection against peroxidation of parinaric acid in human erythrocyte membrane. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 1990;53:309–320. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(90)90028-P. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

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31. Pfister H.W., Koedel U., Lorenzl S., Tomasz A. Antioxidants attenuate microvascular changes in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rats. Stroke. 1992;23:1798–1804. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

32. Frei B., Stocker R., England L., Ames B.N. Ascorbate the most effective antioxidant in human blood plasma. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1990;264:155–163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

33. Sudha K., Rao A.V., Rao A. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2001;303:19–24. doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00337-5. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

^{Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India}

^{Department of Biochemistry, Father Mullers Medical College, Mangalore, India}

^{Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal, India}

^{Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, 576119 Manipal, Karnataka India}

Anjali Rao, Phone: 08252-71201, Fax: 08252-70061, Email: moc.liamtoh@oarilajnard.

^{Corresponding author.}

Full Text

References

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3. Southorn A.P., Powis G. Free radicals in medicine. I. Chemical nature and biologic reactions. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1988;63:381–389.[PubMed]
4. Barber A.A., Bernheim FLipid peroxidation, its measurement, occurrence and significance in animal tissues. Adv. Gerontol. Res. 1967;2:355–403.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
5. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.CThe antioxidants of human extracellular fluids. Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 1990;280:1–8. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90510-6.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]
6. Fantone J.C., Ward P.ARole of oxygen derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions. Am. J. Pathol. 1982;107:397–418.[Google Scholar]
7. Horn H.D., Burns F.H In: Methods of enzymatic analysis. Bergmeyer H.U., editor. New York: Academic Press; 1978. pp. 875–875. [PubMed][Google Scholar]
8. Paglia D.E., Valentine W.NStudies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1967;70:158–169.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
9. Beauchamp C., Fridovich ISuperoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 1971;44:276–287. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]
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11. Stocks J., Dormandy T.LThe autooxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. Br. J. Haematol. 1971;20:95–111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1971.tb00790.x.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]
12. Kartha V.N., Krishnamurthy SEffect of hypervitaminosis A on hemolysis and lipid peroxidation in rat. J. Lipid Res. 1978;19:332–334.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
13. William Sunderman F., Nomoto ShozoMeasurement of serum ceruloplasmin by its p-phenylene diamine oxidase activity. Clin. Chem. 1970;16(11):903–910.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
14. Bieri J.G., Teets L., Belavady B., Andres E.L. Serum vitamin E levels in a normal adult population in the Washington, D.C. area. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Bio. Med. 1964;117:131–133.[PubMed]
15. Paterson J.C.S., Wiggins H.SAn estimation of plasma vitamin A and the vitamin A absorption test. J. Clin. Path. 1954;7:56–60. doi: 10.1136/jcp.7.1.56.] [[Google Scholar]
16. Omaye S.T., Turnbull J.D., Sauberlich H.ESelected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. Methods Enzymol. 1979;62:3–11. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)62181-X.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]
17. Babior B.MOxygen dependant microbial killing by phagocytes (in two parts) N. Engl. J. Med. 1978;298:659–668.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
18. Klebanoff S.JOxygen metabolism and the toxic properties of phagocytes. Ann. Intern. Med. 1980;93:480–489.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
19. Rosly I.M., Romm A.R., Kozlov A.V., Azizova O.A., Vladimirov Iu ALipid peroxidation and hyperfermentemia in bacterial lesions of the CNS. Biull. Eskp. Biol. Med. 1987;103:672–675.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
20. Rosly I.M., Romm A.R., Azizova O.A., Vladimirov Iu ALipid peroxidation in the blood of patients with suppurative meningitis. Pathol. Fiziol. Eksp. Ter. 1990;4:40–41.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
21. Roos D., Weening R.S. Defects in the oxidative killing of microorganisms by phagocytic leukocytes. In: Fitzsimons DW, editor. Oxygen free radicals and tissue damage. New York: Excerpta Medica, Oxford; 1979. pp. 225–262. [PubMed]
22. Iurkiv V.A., Pranikova G.I., Osipora N.IThe enzymatic antioxidant system of the thrombocytes in meningococcal infection. Ter. Arkh. 1990;62:25–27.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
23. Pranikova G.I., Iurkiv V.A., Osipora N.I., Sorochinskaia E.PThe functional characteristics of the enzymatic antioxidant system in the erythrocytes and neutrophils of the blood of patients with meningococcal infection. Ter. Arkh. 1990;62:22–25.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
24. Immanuel C., Acharyulu G.S., Kannapiran M., Segaran R., Sarma G.RAcute phase proteins in tuberculous patients. Indian J. Chest. Dis. Allied Sci. 1990;32:15–23.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
25. Gutteridge J.M.CAntioxidant properties of caeruloplasmin towards iron and copper dependent oxygen radical formation. FEBS Lett. 1983;157:37–40. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81111-9.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]
26. Malkowska Zwierz W., Garlinski P., Zukowska M., et al The effect of vitamin E on granulocyte function in patients with recurrent infections. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. Warz. 1991;39:109–115.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
27. Heinz-Erain P., Achm Ulter M., Berger H., et al Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma vitamin C in children. Padiatr. Padol. 1985;20:49–54.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
28. Drath D.B., Karnovsky M.LBactericidal activity of metal mediated peroxidase ascorbate system. Infect. Immun. 1974;10:1077–1083.[Google Scholar]
29. Berg J.J., Kuypers F.A., Roelofsen B., Op-den-Kamp J.AThe cooperative action of vitamin E and C in the protection against peroxidation of parinaric acid in human erythrocyte membrane. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 1990;53:309–320. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(90)90028-P.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]
30. Witting L.A., Horwitt M.KEffect of degree of fatty acid unsaturation in tocopherol deficiency induced creatinuria. J. Nutr. 1964;82:19–23.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
31. Pfister H.W., Koedel U., Lorenzl S., Tomasz AAntioxidants attenuate microvascular changes in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rats. Stroke. 1992;23:1798–1804.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
32. Frei B., Stocker R., England L., Ames B.NAscorbate the most effective antioxidant in human blood plasma. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1990;264:155–163.[PubMed][Google Scholar]
33. Sudha K., Rao A.V., Rao AOxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2001;303:19–24. doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00337-5.] [[PubMed][Google Scholar]