Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function.
Journal: 2001/September - Annual Review of Neuroscience
ISSN: 0147-006X
Abstract:
Neurotrophins regulate development, maintenance, and function of vertebrate nervous systems. Neurotrophins activate two different classes of receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases and p75NTR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. Through these, neurotrophins activate many signaling pathways, including those mediated by ras and members of the cdc-42/ras/rho G protein families, and the MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, and Jun kinase cascades. During development, limiting amounts of neurotrophins function as survival factors to ensure a match between the number of surviving neurons and the requirement for appropriate target innervation. They also regulate cell fate decisions, axon growth, dendrite pruning, the patterning of innervation and the expression of proteins crucial for normal neuronal function, such as neurotransmitters and ion channels. These proteins also regulate many aspects of neural function. In the mature nervous system, they control synaptic function and synaptic plasticity, while continuing to modulate neuronal survival.
Relations:
Content
Citations
(934)
References
(323)
Clinical trials
(2)
Drugs
(1)
Chemicals
(3)
Organisms
(3)
Processes
(2)
Anatomy
(1)
Affiliates
(1)
Similar articles
Articles by the same authors
Discussion board
Annu Rev Neurosci 24: 677-736

Neurotrophins: Roles in Neuronal Development and Function<sup><a href="#FN1" rid="FN1" class=" fn">*</a></sup>

Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; e-mail: ude.fscu.asti@gnauhje
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California 94143; e-mail: ude.fscu.lgc@rfl

Abstract

Neurotrophins regulate development, maintenance, and function of vertebrate nervous systems. Neurotrophins activate two different classes of receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases and p75NTR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. Through these, neurotrophins activate many signaling pathways, including those mediated by ras and members of the cdc-42/ras/rho G protein families, and the MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, and Jun kinase cascades. During development, limiting amounts of neurotrophins function as survival factors to ensure a match between the number of surviving neurons and the requirement for appropriate target innervation. They also regulate cell fate decisions, axon growth, dendrite pruning, the patterning of innervation and the expression of proteins crucial for normal neuronal function, such as neurotransmitters and ion channels. These proteins also regulate many aspects of neural function. In the mature nervous system, they control synaptic function and synaptic plasticity, while continuing to modulate neuronal survival.

Keywords: Trk receptor, nerve growth factor, apoptosis, plasticity, synapse, signaling, survival, differentiation
Abstract

Footnotes

The US Government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper.

NOTE ADDED IN PROOF In a recent study of the roles of GDNF and neurturin in the development of parasympathetic ganglia, GDNF has been shown to be required for precursor development, while neurturin regulates neuronal survival in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia (Enomoto H et al 2000). A change in expression of GFRα receptors provides the most likely explanation for this switch.

Footnotes

LITERATURE CITED

LITERATURE CITED
Collaboration tool especially designed for Life Science professionals.Drag-and-drop any entity to your messages.