Deficiency of Lung Antioxidants in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Fares Masri

Suzy Comhair

Iva Dostanic‐Larson

Francisco Kaneko

Raed Dweik

Alejandro Arroliga

Serpil Erzurum

^Pathobiology

^{Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.}

SC Erzurum (gro.fcc@suruzre)

Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is associated with lower levels of the pulmonary vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) and its biochemical reaction products (nitrite [NO₂^{], nitrate [NO}₃^{]), in part, due to the reduction in pulmonary endothelial NO synthesis. However, NO levels are also determined by consumptive reactions, such as with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, which subsequently may generate stable products of nitrotyrosine (Tyr‐NO}₂) and/or NO₃^{. In this context, superoxide dismutase (SOD) preserves NO}in vivo by scavenging superoxide and preventing the consumptive reactions. Here, we hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) consumption of NO may contribute to the low NO level and development of pulmonary hypertension. To test this, nitrotyrosine and antioxidants glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and SOD were evaluated in IPAH patients and healthy controls. SOD and GPx activities were decreased in IPAH lungs (all p < 0.05), while catalase and GSH activities were similar among the groups (all p > 0.2). SOD activity was directly related to exhaled NO (eNO) (R^{= 0.72,}p= 0.002), and inversely related to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) NO₃⁽R^=–0.73,p= 0.04). Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) could be predicted by a regression model incorporating SOD, GPx, and NO₃ values (R^{= 0.96,}p= 0.01). These findings suggest that SOD and GPx are associated with alterations in NO and PAP in IPAH.

Keywords: antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

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