Concerted and Birth-and-Death Evolution of Multigene Families<sup><a href="#FN1" rid="FN1" class=" fn">*</a></sup>

^{Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics and1 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; email:}ude.usp@2mxn

^{U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604; email:}vog.adsu.ruacn@yenoor

Abstract

Until around 1990, most multigene families were thought to be subject to concerted evolution, in which all member genes of a family evolve as a unit in concert. However, phylogenetic analysis of MHC and other immune system genes showed a quite different evolutionary pattern, and a new model called birth-and-death evolution was proposed. In this model, new genes are created by gene duplication and some duplicate genes stay in the genome for a long time, whereas others are inactivated or deleted from the genome. Later investigations have shown that most non-rRNA genes including highly conserved histone or ubiquitin genes are subject to this type of evolution. However, the controversy over the two models is still continuing because the distinction between the two models becomes difficult when sequence differences are small. Unlike concerted evolution, the model of birth-and-death evolution can give some insights into the origins of new genetic systems or new phenotypic characters.

Keywords: birth-and-death evolution, concerted evolution, origins of new genetic systems, gene conversion, MHC genes, ribosomal RNA

Abstract

Footnotes

^{The U.S. Government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper.}

Footnotes

LITERATURE CITED

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