Computational neuroanatomy is emerging as an exciting new methodology to characterise shape and neuroanatomical configuration of different brains. It encompasses a triad of techniques: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), which compares neuroanatomical differences on a voxel by voxel basis, Deformation-based morphometry (DBM), which provides information about global differences in brain shape and Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) which provides information about local shape differences. This review will describe the methodology and clinical applications of these techniques.