Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Model Systems: Cancer Therapeutics<sup><a href="#FN1" rid="FN1" class=" fn">1</a></sup>

J Evelhoch

R Gillies

G Karczmar

J Koutcher

^{Cancer Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI}

^{Department of Biochemistry, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ}

^{Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL}

^{Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY}

^{Gray Laboratory Cancer Research Trust, Northwood, Middlesex, UK}

^{Health Sciences Research Imaging Center, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA}

^{CRC Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton Surrey, UK}

^{Department of Radiology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI}

^{EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH}

Address all correspondence to: Dr. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, Harper Hospital MR Center, 3990 John R. Street, Detroit, MI 48201. E-mail: ude.enyaw.dem@hcohleve

Received 1999 Nov 29; Accepted 1999 Dec 13.

Abstract

The lack of information regarding the metabolism and pathophysiology of individual tumors limits, in part, both the development of new anti-cancer therapies and the optimal implementation of currently available treatments. Magnetic resonance [MR, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)] provides a powerful tool to assess many aspects of tumor metabolism and pathophysiology. Moreover, since this information can be obtained non-destructively, pre-clinical results from cellular or animal models are often easily translated into the clinic. This review presents selected examples of how MR has been used to identify metabolic changes associated with apoptosis, detect therapeutic response prior to a change in tumor volume, optimize the combination of metabolic inhibitors with chemotherapy and/or radiation, characterize and exploit the influence of tumor pH on the effectiveness of chemotherapy, characterize tumor reoxygenation and the effects of modifiers of tumor oxygenation in individual tumors, image transgene expression and assess the efficacy of gene therapy. These examples provide an overview of several of the areas in which cellular and animal model studies using MR have contributed to our understanding of the effects of treatment on tumor metabolism and pathophysiology and the importance of tumor metabolism and pathophysiology as determinants of therapeutic response.

Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance, neoplasms, pathophysiology, metabolism, therapy

Abstract

Footnotes

^{USPHS grant CA43113 (J.L.E.); USPHS grant CA83041 and the Flinn Foundation (R.J.G.); USPHS grant CA75476 (G.S.K.); DAMD17-98-1-8153 (J.A.K.); UC Biotechnology Program grant 97-08 and California BCRP grant 3IB-0028 (O.N.); USPHS grant CA77575 (N.R.); UKCRC grant SP1780/0103 (S.M.R.); USPHS grants GM51630 and RR11602 (H.M.S.).}

Footnotes

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