Abstract:

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (α-solanine and α-chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long-term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for α-solanine and α-chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys. For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.

Keywords: chaconine; feed; food; glycoalkaloids (GAs); margin of exposure (MOE); potato; solanine.

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Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products

Laurentius Hoogenboom

Jean-Charles Leblanc+18 authors

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Email: ue.aporue.asfe@matnoc.

^{Corresponding author.}

^{Correspondence:}Email: ue.aporue.asfe@matnoc

^{Leon Brimer was a member of the Working Group on Glycoalkaloids in food and feed until 9 August 2019.}

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Notes

Suggested citation: EFSA CONTAM Panel (EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain) , Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc J‐C, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Brimer L, Cottrill B, Dusemund B, Mulder P, Vollmer G, Binaglia M, Ramos Bordajandi L, Riolo F, Roldán‐Torres R and Grasl‐Kraupp B, 2020. Scientific Opinion – Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products. EFSA Journal 2020;18(8):6222, 190 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6222 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef]

Requestor: European Commission

Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2016‐00811

Panel members: Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, James Kevin Chipman, Jesús del Mazo, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Christer Hogstrand, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, Jean‐Charles Leblanc, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Dieter Schrenk, Tanja Schwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx and Heather Wallace.

Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Kelly Niermans. The Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions, Member State bodies and other organisations that provided consumption and occurrence data for this scientific output.

Adopted: 7 July 2020

Reproduction of the images listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder:

This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1905/full

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