Abstract:

The whole seed (W), endosperm (E) and hull (H) of five cultivars of Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn. var. ma-yuen Stapf) including Thai Black Phayao, Thai Black Loei, Laos Black Loei, Laos White Loei and Laos Black Luang Phra Bang were processed before solvent extraction by non-cooking, roasting, boiling and steaming Each part of the Job's tears was extracted by the cold and hot process by refluxing with methanol and hexane. The total of 330 extracts included 150 methanol extracts and 180 hexane extracts were investigated for anti-proliferative activity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The extracts which gave high anti-proliferative activity were tested for apoptotic activity by acridine orange and ethidium bromide double staining and anti-oxidative activities including free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The extract from the hull of Thai Black Loei roasted before extracting by hot methanol (M-HTBL-R2) showed the highest anti-proliferative activity on HT-29 with the IC50 values of 11.61 ± 0.95 μg/ml, while the extract from the non-cooked hull of Thai Black Loei by cold methanol extraction (M-HTBL-N1) gave the highest apoptosis (8.17 ± 1.18%) with no necrosis. In addition, M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 indicated free radical scavenging activity at the SC50 values of 0.48 ± 0.12 and 2.47 ± 1.15 mg/ml, respectively. This study has demonstrated the anti-colorectal cancer potential of the M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 extracts.

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<em>In vitro</em> anti-cancer activities of Job’s tears (<em>Coix lachryma-jobi</em> Linn.) extracts on human colon adenocarcinoma

^{Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Mueng, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand}

^{Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand}

^{Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand}

^{Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand}

Jiradej Manosroi: moc.liamg@8iorsonam.jedarij

^{Corresponding authors at: Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Tel.: +66 53 270182; fax: +66 53 270041x12.}moc.liamg@8iorsonam.jedarij

Jiradej Manosroi: moc.liamg@8iorsonam.jedarij

Received 2014 Dec 23; Revised 2015 Mar 9; Accepted 2015 Mar 20.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Abstract

The whole seed (W), endosperm (E) and hull (H) of five cultivars of Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn. var. ma-yuen Stapf) including Thai Black Phayao, Thai Black Loei, Laos Black Loei, Laos White Loei and Laos Black Luang Phra Bang were processed before solvent extraction by non-cooking, roasting, boiling and steaming Each part of the Job’s tears was extracted by the cold and hot process by refluxing with methanol and hexane. The total of 330 extracts included 150 methanol extracts and 180 hexane extracts were investigated for anti-proliferative activity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The extracts which gave high anti-proliferative activity were tested for apoptotic activity by acridine orange and ethidium bromide double staining and anti-oxidative activities including free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The extract from the hull of Thai Black Loei roasted before extracting by hot methanol (M-HTBL-R2) showed the highest anti-proliferative activity on HT-29 with the IC₅₀ values of 11.61 ± 0.95 μg/ml, while the extract from the non-cooked hull of Thai Black Loei by cold methanol extraction (M-HTBL-N1) gave the highest apoptosis (8.17 ± 1.18%) with no necrosis. In addition, M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 indicated free radical scavenging activity at the SC₅₀ values of 0.48 ± 0.12 and 2.47 ± 1.15 mg/ml, respectively. This study has demonstrated the anti-colorectal cancer potential of the M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 extracts.

Keywords: Job’s tears extracts, HT-29, Anti-cancer activities, Cultivars, Anti-oxidative activities, Extraction processes

Abstract

Note: Percentage yields (%) = [Dried extract weigh (g)/dried Job’s tears weigh (g)] × 100.

Note: ND = not detected.

Note: SC₅₀ = The sample concentrations providing 50% of scavenging; IPC₅₀ = The sample concentrations providing 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

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Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.

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