The Effect of Chilgoza Pine Nut (<em>Pinus gerardiana</em> Wall.) on Blood Glucose and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Seyed Hosseini

Maryam Vali

Mohammad Haghighi-Zade

Amir Siahpoosh

Reza Malihi

^{Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran}

^{Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical Sciences, Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran}

^{School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran}

^{Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran}

^{Department of Nutrition, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran}

Correspondence: Reza Malihi Tel +989 166051161, Email r.malihi@abadanums.ac.ir

Received 2020 Feb 19; Accepted 2020 Jun 24.

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Abstract

Purpose

Diabetes can increase oxidative stress in various tissues of the body, and the progress of this process is associated with intensification of the complications of diabetes. The current study purposed to evaluate the protective effect of Pinus gerardiana (PG) seed on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in the liver and serum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods

This interventional study was performed on 36 male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (healthy controls, healthy treated with 3% and 6% (PG), diabetic control, diabetic treated with 3% and 6% (PG) doses). After 6 weeks of intervention, weight, glucose, and oxidative stress parameters in serum and liver including total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, total thiol and superoxide dismutase activity were measured. Data analysis was done by statistical software version 16 and Tukey’s one-way ANOVA tests.

Results

Diabetic rats showed significantly higher malondialdehyde and fasting glucose levels (12±1.2 mmol/L) and significant reductions in fasting insulin serum, weight (−37%), and activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, total thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity of serum and liver (about +49% in liver and +16% in serum) (p < 0.001) compared with the healthy groups. Oral administration of PG nuts to diabetic rats caused a significant reduction in malondialdehyde and fasting glucose levels (−43%) and weight loss (+15%), and a significant increase in activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, total thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity of serum and liver (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present study concluded that PG can decrease fasting blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, reduce weight loss, and improve oxidative stress indices in the serum and liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. It is a potential therapeutic food supplement for the treatment and prevention of hyperglycemia and high oxidative stress of diabetes.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Pinus gerardiana, oxidative stress, blood glucose, rat

Abstract

Notes: Results were expressed as mean ± SD. C, normal control group; PG, Pinus gerardiana; D, diabetic group. ^{Significant proportion of the healthy control group.}^{Significantly compared to diabetic control group. **p<0.01 and *p <0.001.}

Abbreviations: TAC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Notes: Displayed are the correlation coefficients (r) between different parameters within serum and liver. **p<0.01 and *p <0.001.

Abbreviations: TAC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Notes: Displayed are the correlation coefficients (r) between different parameters within serum and liver. *p <0.001.

Abbreviations: MDA, malondialdehyde; TT, total thiol molecules.

Acknowledgments

This paper was based on a thesis in masters of science conducted in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. B-9636 Approval Date: 2017-04-26). We thank Arvand International Division of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and the participants, without whom this study would not have been possible.

Acknowledgments

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