Based on the long research and practical experience of specialized neurorehabilitation service study in different Moscow and Russian regions, the article presents the conception of post-stroke patient's neurorehabilitation. Heading by the Federal Scientific Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation Center, Health Care Ministry RF and Moscow Institute of Psychiatry, 108 clinico-rehabilitation settings (emergency clinics for neurosurgery and cerebrovascular pathology, to home care, and rehabilitation daily in-patient clinics and specialized units of municipal out-patients clinics) provide a specialized care in Moscow. The methodological approaches to rehabilitation of patients with the consequences of focal brain lesions have been specified. The particular attention was focused on a neurorehabilitation of the patients with dominant hemisphere lesion with higher mental and movement functions disturbances. The significance of mental and social factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders was highlighted. A system of patient's neurorehabilitation and principles of service organization in different disease stages are presented.