PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTGS2 include Colorectal Adenoma and Peptic Ulcer Disease. Among its related pathways are Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 and HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism. GO annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and lipid binding. An important paralog of this gene is PTGS1.

Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes catalyze the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. There are two isoforms of COX, COX-1 and COX-2. While COX-1 is expressed constitutively and appears to be responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PGs) that control normal physiologic functions, expression of COX-2 is induced by various inflammatory and mitogenic stimuli such as cytokines, growth factors or tumor promoters. Numerous experimental studies suggest a relationship between COX-2 expression and carcinogenesis. For example, increased amounts of COX-2 have been observed in breast cancers that overexpress HER-2/neu. Furthermore, treatment with selective inhibitors of COX-2 reduced the formation of tongue, esophagal, intestinal, breast, skin, lung, and bladder tumors in experimental animals.

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) (The HUGO official symbol is PTGS2; HGNC ID, HGNC:9605), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. In humans it is one of two cyclooxygenases. It is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, an important precursor of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, among others.

Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes catalyze the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. There are two isoforms of COX, COX-1 and COX-2. While COX-1 is expressed constitutively and appears to be responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PGs) that control normal physiologic functions, expression of COX-2 is induced by various inflammatory and mitogenic stimuli such as cytokines, growth factors or tumor promoters. Numerous experimental studies suggest a relationship between COX-2 expression and carcinogenesis. For example, increased amounts of COX-2 have been observed in breast cancers that overexpress HER-2/neu. Furthermore, treatment with selective inhibitors of COX-2 reduced the formation of tongue, esophagal, intestinal, breast, skin, lung, and bladder tumors in experimental animals.

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II is a human protein belongs to cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein family. It is sometimes confused with the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2.Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, abbreviated CoxII, is the second subunit of cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) is an oligomeric enzymatic complex which is a component of the respiratory chain and is involved in the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen. In eukaryotes this enzyme complex is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane; in aerobic prokaryotes it is found in the plasma membrane. The enzyme complex consists of 3-4 subunits (prokaryotes) to up to 13 polypeptides (mammals). In Leigh's disease, there may be an abnormality or deficiency of cytochrome oxidase.