genetic epidemiology of lung cancer
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Publication
Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
October/21/1996
Abstract
The role of family history of lung cancer in predicting lung cancer risk among nonsmokers and their relatives was evaluated in a population-based family study conducted in metropolitan Detroit. Lung cancer risk factor data were collected through telephone interviews with 257 nonsmoking lung cancer cases 40-84 years of age diagnosed between 1984 and 1987, their 2,252 relatives, 277 nonsmoking controls, and their 2,408 relatives. Lung cancer in a first-degree relative was associated with a 7.2-fold (95% confidence interval 1.3-39.7) increased risk of lung cancer among nonsmokers in the 40- to 59-year-old age group. This significant increased risk remained after adjustment for the smoking, occupational, and medical history of each family member (relative risk = 6.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1-33.4). Offspring of nonsmoking cases comprised another lung cancer high risk group (relative risk = 7.2, 95% confidence interval 0.5-103). A positive family history did not increase lung cancer risk among nonsmokers 60-84 years of age or their relatives. These findings suggest that susceptibility to lung cancer in families of nonsmoking cases may be evident only in a subset of relatives of early-onset nonsmoking cases.
Publication
Journal: International Journal of Cancer
September/28/2014
Abstract
While the association between exposure to secondhand smoke and lung cancer risk is well established, few studies with sufficient power have examined the association by histological type. In this study, we evaluated the secondhand smoke-lung cancer relationship by histological type based on pooled data from 18 case-control studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 2,504 cases and 7,276 control who were never smokers and 10,184 cases and 7,176 controls who were ever smokers. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and study. Among never smokers, the odds ratios (OR) comparing those ever exposed to secondhand smoke with those never exposed were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.17-1.45) for all histological types combined, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.44) for adenocarcinoma, 1.41 (95% CI: 0.99-1.99) for squamous cell carcinoma, 1.48 (95% CI: 0.89-2.45) for large cell lung cancer, and 3.09 (95% CI: 1.62-5.89) for small cell lung cancer. The estimated association with secondhand smoke exposure was greater for small cell lung cancer than for nonsmall cell lung cancers (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.11-4.04). This analysis is the largest to date investigating the relation between exposure to secondhand smoke and lung cancer. Our study provides more precise estimates of the impact of secondhand smoke on the major histological types of lung cancer, indicates the association with secondhand smoke is stronger for small cell lung cancer than for the other histological types, and suggests the importance of intervention against exposure to secondhand smoke in lung cancer prevention.
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