Triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol esters are insoluble in plasma, and, to be transported to tissues where they are needed, such as muscle and adipose tissue, they must get packaged as lipoprotein particles. Lipoprotein particles comprise a core of TG and cholesteryl ester and a coat comprising phospholipid, free cholesterol, and apolipoproteins.[1][2] There are four major lipoprotein particles: chylomicrons (CMs), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This short review will focus on the primary TG carrying particles, chylomicrons, and discuss relevant biochemistry, metabolism, and clinical syndromes pertaining specifically to chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are large triglyceride-rich lipoproteins produced in enterocytes from dietary lipids—namely, fatty acids, and cholesterol. Chylomicrons are composed of a main central lipid core that consists primarily of triglycerides, however like other lipoproteins, they carry esterified cholesterol and phospholipids. The backbone structural protein is the truncated apolipoprotein B-48, which is the main non-exchangeable protein. However, it does contain other apolipoproteins, including ApoA1, A2, A3, A5 C2, C3, and ApoE.[2] Chylomicrons have a density below 0.94 g/ml and remain at the origin of lipoprotein electrophoresis.[1] Their major lipid is triglycerides, which comprise more than 75% of the particle, and they have the lowest protein content of all lipoproteins of around 2 percent, explaining why they have such low density on ultracentrifugation.