During development, resident stem cell populations contribute to the growth and maturation of tissue and organs. In skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells, or satellite cells, are responsible for the maturation of postnatal myofibers. However, the role satellite cells play in later stages of postnatal growth, and thus, when they enter a mature quiescent state is controversial. Here we discuss the current literature regarding the role satellite cells play in all stages of postnatal growth, from birth to puberty onset to young adulthood. We additionally highlight the implications of satellite cell loss or dysfunction during developmental stages, both in the context of experimental paradigms and disease settings.

Keywords: aging; cancer; development; pediatric; regeneration; satellite cells; skeletal muscle.