The Beaufortia szechuanensis is endemic to the upper reaches of Yangtze River in China. In this study, we successfully sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the B. szechuanensis, collected from the Qingyi River. The complete mitochondrial genome of B. szechuanensis was a circular molecule of 16,559 bp in length, containing 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, an origin of light-strand replication (OL) and a control region (D-loop). It is the first complete mitochondrial DNA data in the genus Beaufortia. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of 14 species in Balitoridae was used for phylogenetic analysis. The topology demonstrated that the Balitoridae can be classified into two subfamilies, and the B. szechuanensis belongs to the subfamily Gastromyzoninae.