IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis

S Kotake

N Udagawa

N Takahashi

K Matsuzaki

N Kamatani+3 authors

^{The Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan}^{Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan}^{The Second Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan}^{St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia}

Address correspondence to: Tatsuo Suda, Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan. Phone: 81-3-3784-8163; Fax: 81-3-3784-5555; E-mail: pj.ca.u-awohs.tned@adus

Received 1998 Nov 3; Accepted 1999 Mar 22.

Abstract

IL-17 is a newly discovered T cell–derived cytokine whose role in osteoclast development has not been fully elucidated. Treatment of cocultures of mouse hemopoietic cells and primary osteoblasts with recombinant human IL-17 induced the formation of multinucleated cells, which satisfied major criteria of osteoclasts, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, calcitonin receptors, and pit formation on dentine slices. Direct interaction between osteoclast progenitors and osteoblasts was required for IL-17–induced osteoclastogenesis, which was completely inhibited by adding indomethacin or NS398, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2). Adding IL-17 increased prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) synthesis in cocultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts and in single cultures of osteoblasts, but not in single cultures of bone marrow cells. In addition, IL-17 dose-dependently induced expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) mRNA in osteoblasts. ODF is a membrane-associated protein that transduces an essential signal(s) to osteoclast progenitors for differentiation into osteoclasts. Osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF), a decoy receptor of ODF, completely inhibited IL-17–induced osteoclast differentiation in the cocultures. Levels of IL-17 in synovial fluids were significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients than osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Anti–IL-17 antibody significantly inhibited osteoclast formation induced by culture media of RA synovial tissues. These findings suggest that IL-17 first acts on osteoblasts, which stimulates both COX-2–dependent PGE₂ synthesis and ODF gene expression, which in turn induce differentiation of osteoclast progenitors into mature osteoclasts, and that IL-17 is a crucial cytokine for osteoclastic bone resorption in RA patients.

Abstract

Acknowledgments

We thank Eijiro Jimi, Taro Tsurukai, Shuichi Akiyama, Toshimasa Shinki (Showa University), and Mariko Sodeoka (Tokyo Women’s Medical University) for their valuable technical assistance. This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid (09877355 and 09671905) and the High-Technology Research Center Project from the ministry of Education, Science, Sport and Culture of Japan, and by grants from the Nakatomi Health Science Foundation and the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia.

Acknowledgments

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